南京市不同功能城区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染特征

将南京城市建成区分为矿冶区、开发区、商业区、城市广场、风景区、老居民区等6大功能区,选择采集土壤样本56个,用原子吸收光谱仪选择分析了土壤中重金属元素的全量和活性形态含量.结果表明,南京城市土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd的总量分别为:117.1±103.7mg·kg^-1,39.86±39.9mg·kg^-1,273.3±131.6mg·kg^-1和1.13±0.7mg·kg^-1.矿冶区、老居民区、商业区、新开发区、城市广场和风景区的内梅罗重金属综合污染指数分别为:5.4、4.9、3.4、1.6、2.4和2.3.矿冶区以Pb、Cd的强度积累为特征,但活性形态的比重较小.而城市中心的居民区和商业区Zn的积累最显著,并且所测定的重金属的醋酸盐浸提态含量明显较高.除了风景区和城市市民广场外,城市中心区的重金属均表现出较明显的表聚性.城市活动区土壤Pb、Cd的强烈积累可能已经对人类健康构成了威胁.     

Heavy metal and trace elements in riparian vegetation and macrophytes associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia Andean Range

Vegetation associated with lacustrine systems in Northern Patagonia was studied for heavy metal and trace element contents, regarding their elemental contribution to these aquatic ecosystems. The research focused on native species and exotic vascular plant Salix spp. potential for absorbing heavy metals and trace elements. The native species studied were riparian Amomyrtus luma, Austrocedrus chilensis, Chusquea culeou, Desfontainia fulgens, Escallonia rubra, Gaultheria mucronata, Lomatia hirsuta, Luma apiculata, Maytenus boaria, Myrceugenia exsucca, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyi, Schinus patagonicus, and Weinmannia trichosperma, and macrophytes Hydrocotyle chamaemorus, Isöetes chubutiana, Galium sp., Myriophyllum quitense, Nitella sp. (algae), Potamogeton linguatus, Ranunculus sp., and Schoenoplectus californicus. Fresh leaves were analyzed as well as leaves decomposing within the aquatic bodies, collected from lakes Futalaufquen and Rivadavia (Los Alerces National Park), and lakes Moreno and Nahuel Huapi (Nahuel Huapi National Park). The elements studied were heavy metals Ag, As, Cd, Hg, and U, major elements Ca, K, and Fe, and trace elements Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Hf, Na, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn. Geochemical tracers La and Sm were also determined to evaluate contamination of the biological tissues by geological particulate (sediment, soil, dust) and to implement concentration corrections.     

Analysis and evaluation of chlorinated persistent organic compounds and PAHs in sludge in Korea

The concentrations of 12 POPs listed in the Stockholm convention, chlorophenols (CPs) and PAHs were investigated in sludge samples from wastewater and sewage treatment plants (WWTPs and STPs). The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the wastewater sludge ranged from 0.189 to 1092 ng-TEQkg(-1) dry wt., and most of the sludge samples had levels below the EU guideline for the land application of PCDD/Fs (<100 ng-TEQkg(-1) dry wt.) except one sample. Co-PCB congeners were analyzed from four WWTPs, with total concentrations ranging from 0.265 to 26.6 ng-TEQkg(-1) dry wt., which were similar to the results obtained from previous studies. The levels of PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs varied according to the main source of the influent to each WWTP and the paper industry was the main source of these compounds in the sludge due to the chlorine bleaching process. In case of OCPs, HCB and p,p'-DDE were detected at relatively high levels in the sludge samples compared to other target compounds, ranging from 1.30 to 21.5 microg kg(-1) dry wt. and 0.758 to 14.8 microg kg(-1) dry wt., respectively. Different OCP distribution patterns were observed according to sludge types, with HCB and DDTs being dominant in the sludge from WWTPs and STPs, respectively. The total levels of PAHs and CPs ranged from 1.24 to 44.9 mg kg(-1) dry wt. and 0.340 to 3.85 mg kg(-1) dry wt., respectively. The PAHs and CPs were also shown to have various distribution patterns, possibly due to the different wastewater sources to the WWTPs.     

不同河流水体颗粒物对硝化过程的影响

采用模拟实验的方法对比研究了长江和黄河水体颗粒物对硝化过程的影响.结果表明:(1)当颗粒物含量分别为0g·l-1和2g·l-1时,长江水样的平均硝化速率在前10d分别为0.21mg·l-1·d-1和0.70mg·l-1·d-1,黄河水样分别为0.18mg·l-1·d-1和0.32mg·l-1·d-1.采用Logistic模型对氨氮的硝化作用进行拟合发现,颗粒物含量为2 g·l-1时的硝化速率常数均显著高于无颗粒物存在时的硝化速率常数,说明有颗粒物存在时的硝化过程较快.(2)有颗粒物存在时,水体氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的数量均显著高于无颗粒物存在的水体,而且长江水样中各种菌的数量明显高于黄河水样.(3)长江水样中氨氮的平均硝化速率和硝化速率常数明显大于黄河,这是由于长江水样较高的细菌浓度水平和两条河流颗粒物不同的理化性质所导致.     

纳米ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)的初步研究

对ZnO光催化降解溴化乙锭(EB)中的光源、反应介质、pH值、光催化剂用量、光照时间及氧化剂的加入等因素进行了考察.结果表明,在日光和紫外光照射下,EB都能得到较好的降解.在EB初始浓度50mg·l-1,pH 9的水溶液中,紫外光照射240min,ZnO(80mg)光催化降解EB的降解率可达到92.9%.     

武汉城市圈城乡文化整合的空间测度与机理研究

文化整合是文化地理学研究的重要领域之一，城乡文化整合已经成为学界与政界的关注焦点。围绕武汉城市圈城乡文化整合的空间测度，遵循科学性、普适性和可操作性的原则从城乡文化资源整合、城乡文化要素整合、城乡文化产业整合与城乡文化发展整合4个方面构建评价指标体系，运用因子分析法对武汉城市圈48个县域单元的城乡文化整合度进行测算，据之将其分为4个等级。阐述了武汉城市圈城乡文化整合空间分异整体上呈以武汉市为圆心，随距离的递增向周边地区递减的网络化格局，其中沿“京-广”铁路与“长江经济带”分布的县级单元的城乡文化整合度强于同等距离的其他区域。论证了城乡文化资源差异是城乡文化空间结构分异的根本，城乡文化系统改善是城乡文化整合度提升的关键，城乡文化产业协调是促进城乡文化整合的基础，城乡文化科学发展是城乡文化整合的最终目标     

地理信息系统在环境管理领域的应用研究

本文探讨了在计算机和信息技术快速发展的背景下,地理信息系统将计算机技术和地理空间信息技术应用于环境保护领域的前景和趋势.     

关于导则中最大落地浓度及其距离计算模式的探讨

基于大量的环境影响评价工作实践，针对现行的《环境影响评价技术导则》（HJ/T2.2-93）中的有风条件预测模式，提出了在环境空气影响评价中，《导则》所给出的“有风条件下最大浓度及其出现距离（Cmax和Xmax）计算模式“中所存在的问题，并提出了相应的解决方案。本文的研究结果为完善《导则》并且使之能够更加准确地指导环评工作提出了有益的建议。     

工业园区循环经济发展规划研究

文章以吉林经济开发区为研究对象,通过分析开发区产业内部及产业间的联系现状,为其制定符合循环经济3R原则的产业发展规划,对规划过程中出现的问题进行了探讨,并提出了应对政策和保障措施,为其他工业园区的循环经济型规划提供参考。