基于微震活动性参数的矿山灾害风险性评价

微震灾害分级是判别及处理高风险采场的关键。为了预测并防治采空区失稳导致的灾害,结合用沙坝矿引进的IMS微震监测系统,首先统计矿山尺度的微震活动性特征,将主要采场进行分区。然后分析各分区的最大潜在震级及其重现时间、微震扩散率、微震劲度比、能量频次等特征。最后结合采场微震灾害风险性分级标准对各分区风险性进行分级。结果表明,综合考虑微震事件的能量分布特征、空间分布特征、时间分布特征进行灾害风险性分级的结果更为合理。     

区域农田当量供需能力分析及其政策启示——以浙江舟山市为例

“以粮为纲”的食物安全观,使中国在实施耕地占补平衡政策过程中,片面追求耕地占补的数量平衡对食物安全的保障作用,而忽视了耕地以外的用地类型对区域食物安全的作用,不仅导致补充耕地的质量与占用耕地的质量不可同日而语,而且由于盲目对草地、林地、滩涂湿地等进行开发而付出了沉重的生态环境代价。论文从食物安全的内涵出发,引入农田当量与食物当量概念,选取浙江省舟山市为研究区,对研究区农田当量的供需能力进行实证分析,并为耕地占补平衡政策的改进提出相应的政策启示。研究结果表明：1）采用农田当量与食物当量的计算方法,可以较好地统一粮食产量和养殖水产品产量的食物当量,进而统一耕地与养殖水面的农田当量供给。2）受耕地面积减少和耕地抛荒比例较高等因素影响,近年研究区来自耕地的农田当量下降了37.3%;与此同时,尽管研究区养殖水面面积也在不断缩减,但受标准养殖塘建设、养殖技术进步以及品种改进等因素的影响,来自养殖水面的总农田当量上升了18.3%。来自耕地和养殖水面的总农田当量的比例,由2009年的46:54变为2015年的31:69。3）在温饱、小康和富裕3个不同生活水准下,研究区本地耕地和养殖水面提供的农田当量,都难以满足常住人口的需求,但是,通过改善农田基础设施、提高耕地复种指数,建设高标准养殖塘、提高养殖水面单产等措施,可以提高耕地和养殖水面的农田当量至19 771.22 hm²,进而降低约35%的农田当量缺口。在此基础上,论文得到转变食物安全观念,重视耕地以外的用地类型的食物供给能力;推进高标准农田和高标准养殖塘建设,提高耕地和养殖塘的农田当量供给能力;加大耕地保护力度,探索耕地占补平衡的多样化实现形式等政策启示。     

Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in Polygonum thunbergii for phytoextraction

In this study, cadmium (II), lead (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) were determined in Polygonum thunbergii and soil from the Mankyung River watershed, Korea. Soil samples contained detectable lead (<17.5 g g(-1)), copper (<8.4 g g(-1)) and zinc (<24.5 g g(-1)), whereas cadmium was undetectable. Whole plants of P. thunbergii contained detectable lead (<320.8 g g(-1)), copper (<863.2 g g(-1)) and zinc (<2427.3 g g(-1)), whereas cadmium was detectable only in the stem (<7.4 g g(-1)) and root (<10.1 g g(-1)). Whole plant concentrations were very different for each metal, particularly in the case of zinc. The mean content of heavy metal in the whole plants increased in the order of cadmium (8.5 g g(-1))相似文献   

二氧化氯对水中病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果

本文研究了二氧化氯对水中一些主要病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果,以及在不同消毒剂投量、接触时间和pH值等条件下,二氧化氯(ClO_2)对水体中一些微生物的杀灭和失活效果.与液氯对比的结果表明:ClO_2对藻类失活效果优于或相当于液氯;ClO_2对病毒和浮游动物的失活效果显著优于液氯;ClO_2可在一广泛的pH值范围内杀灭微生物.此外,还从理论上初步探讨了ClO_2对病毒的失活机理.研究结果表明,ClO_2是一种优良的液氯替代消毒剂,这对开展ClO_2的研究及其应用有重要意义.     

污灌--城市污水资源化的有效途径

以徐州市为例，论述了在干旱缺水而经济又欠发达地区，可在做好污染源治理及完善城市基础设施的基础上，合理地将城市污水用于发展农、林业，即有效地利用了水资源，又将产生相应的经济效益；不仅有效地保护了地表水环境，而且为污水处理后的去向寻找了新的出路，可谓一举多得。     

原730矿牧草中的总α、总β、铀、钍、镭-226的污染水平

原730铀矿周围环境,受到了一定程度的放射性污染,其牧草中的总α放射性比活度及铀、镭-226含量均明显高于对照区,但对该矿区周围草食动物的肉、奶剂量的估算,未超过国家食品中放射性物质限制标准,可以食用。     

羧基化改性有序介孔碳对罗丹明B的吸附

采用过硫酸钾(KSP)氧化法对有序介孔碳FDU-15进行了改性处理,制备了羧基化改性有序介孔碳FDU-15-KSP,对其进行了表征,并将其用于典型难降解染料罗丹明B的吸附。表征结果显示:KSP氧化处理可提高介孔碳上的羧基含量,但并未破坏其二维六方有序结构。实验结果表明:与FDU-15相比,FDU-15-KSP对罗丹明B的吸附性能显著提高,常温下的饱和吸附量由136.99 mg/g提高到196.08 mg/g;吸附p H为7时吸附效果最好,经60 min吸附后吸附过程基本达到平衡,温度升高有利于吸附的进行;FDU-15-KSP对罗丹明B的吸附过程较符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,是一个自发的、吸热的熵驱动过程;FDU-15-KSP对罗丹明B的吸附行为遵循Lagergren准二级动力学方程,吸附过程以化学吸附为主。     

Metal release/accumulation during the decomposition of Potamogeton crispus in a shallow macrophytic lake

Changes in metal concentrations in the litter of Potamogeton crispus were monitored during a consecutive 40-day in situ decomposition experiment using the litterbag method.The accumulation index was calculated and used to indicate the changes in the metals in litter.The results showed that the concentrations of Al,Cd,Cr,Fe,Mn,and Pb in litter increased significantly during the decomposition,while Cu and Zn concentrations decreased dramatically.Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of Al,Cr,Fe,and Mn and between Cu and Zn.Moreover,Cu and Zn both negatively correlated with Al and Fe.The remaining dry mass was negatively correlated with Al and Fe concentrations but positively correlated with Cu and Zn concentrations.Generally the accumulation index values of metals other than Al were less than one,indicating that the litter of P.crispus acted as a source of metals to the surrounding water body.Al was the only metal that showed continuous net accumulation in litter.The net accumulation of Fe and Mn in litter during the last 10 days of the experiment may indicate the precipitation of Feand Mn-oxides.It was estimated that 160 g/m~2(dry weight)P.crispus was decomposed in40 days.This was equivalent to releasing the following amounts of metals:0.01 mg Cd,0.03 mg Cr,0.71 mg Cu,0.55 mg Mn,0.02 mg Pb and 13.8 mg Zn into surrounding water,and accumulating 149 mg Al and 11 mg Fe,in a 1 m~2 area.     

长沙市大气中总挥发性有机物分布特征、变化规律及污染对策研究

为调查长沙市大气中TVOC的分布特征及变化规律,研究其污染控制措施,按照相关标准和技术规范,在不同的功能区划和行政区划内合理布设12个监测点位,分季节采集样品,使用热脱附－气相色谱法进行检测,利用反距离权重插值和遥感解译等方法进行综合分析。结果表明：长沙市大气中苯与甲苯（ B／T）特征比值为0．58,汽车尾气是长沙市苯系物和TVOC的主要来源;长沙市不同的工业区TVOC浓度有显著差异,工业区合理布局,增加绿化面积,可以有效的降低TVOC浓度。     

Nitrogen use efficiencies in Chinese agricultural systems and implications for food security and environmental protection

Regional Environmental Change - Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of N use in agricultural systems. Understanding changes in NUE is crucial to...