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41.
温度对膜生物反应器(MBR)污染物去除效果和膜污染速率都有很大的影响。采用两套相同的MBR蓑置在冬季运行,其中一套维持20℃的恒温,另一套水温与周围环境相同。对两套装置处理效果及膜污染速率进行对比,并通过反应器中溶解性微生物产物(SMF)、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、污泥粒径分布扣膜面污染物的比较,分析温度对MBR运行的影响。研究结果表明膜对污染物的截留能有效补偿低温时微生物作用的不足,因此低温对出水水质并没有显著的影响。此外,低温时虽然SMP和EPS的释放增加,但并没有引起膜污来的加剧。相反地,低温时污泥粒径较高温时小,而粒径较大的颗粒更易沉积于膜表面,因此低温时膜面固体物质含量较低,膜污染速率反而比高温时低。  相似文献   
42.
海洋垃圾污染问题是一个国际性的难题,海洋垃圾污染防治是改善中国近岸海域环境质量的一项重要内容.目前中国的海洋垃圾监测尚处于起步阶段,仍有许多工作需进行研究和实践.鉴于此,本文对中国海洋垃圾业务现状及需求进行分析,对海洋垃圾监测与评价体系存在的有关问题进行了探讨,并进一步提出了相关对策和建议,以完善中国海洋垃圾监测与评价体系,制定具有针对性的预防和控制措施,为中国的海洋环境保护工作提供技术支持.  相似文献   
43.
● NH3 in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H2S and NH3 led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH4 and CO2. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H2S and NH3 on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H2S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH3 in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH3 concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH3. The synergetic effect of H2S and NH3 in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H2S and NH3 than under the effect of H2S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H2S and NH3.  相似文献   
44.
● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO2 emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO2 emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO2 emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR2 increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO2 emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO2 emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.  相似文献   
45.
王举  李婧  陈荣  沈莹 《生态毒理学报》2018,13(5):226-234
针对磷和微量元素对藻类生长的共同作用,研究不同磷源条件下锌对藻细胞生长与产毒的影响。实验选用铜绿微囊藻为藻种,分别以无机磷磷酸氢二钾(K_2HPO_4)、小分子有机磷甘油磷酸钠(NaGly)和大分子有机磷卵磷脂(LEC)为磷源,研究不同锌(Zn~(2+))含量对藻细胞的藻密度、碱性磷酸酶活性(alkaline phosphatase activity,APA)以及胞内藻毒素(MC-LR)的影响。研究发现:以NaGly为磷源时微量元素锌对藻细胞生长的促进效果显著,而以K_2HPO_4或LEC为磷源时,锌含量的变化对藻细胞生长无显著影响。APA不仅与磷源有关而且与锌含量相关,以LEC为磷源时的APA显著高于以K_2HPO_4或NaGly为磷源时的APA,且锌含量越低APA越低,以K_2HPO_4为磷源时锌含量越低APA越高,而锌对以NaGly为磷源时的APA几乎没有影响。磷源与微量元素锌对藻细胞的产毒均产生影响,NaGly有利于藻毒素的产生; LEC不利于藻细胞的产毒,但锌含量越低藻细胞的产毒量越多。综上所述,磷源与微量元素锌共同作用对藻细胞的生长与产毒产生影响,小分子有机磷NaGly与锌的效果显著。  相似文献   
46.
A learning organisation is one that not only values and encourages learning from its own experiences, but also looks beyond itself for lessons, and avoids complacency. To be a learning organisation is a key part of the safety culture of any organisation involved with major hazard processes. It facilitates learning which can reduce the risk from major accident hazards. The paper provides a learning organisation toolkit which synthesises, from various literature sources, an understanding of what a learning organisation is and how to begin to develop one within an organisation. The paper illustrates how the regulator can be a learning organisation for major hazards, using the example of HSE's offshore fire, explosion and risk assessment team.  相似文献   
47.
48.
为提高尿素热解脱硝系统可靠性水平,通过分析系统组成和各种可能的失效情况,以尿素热解脱硝系统不能正常工作为顶事件建立了故障树,对其进行定性分析,求取了故障树的最小割集。同时在此基础上分析了各个基本事件的结构重要度,明确了导致尿素热解脱硝系统失效的主要影响因素,并对其相应的解决措施进行了探讨。  相似文献   
49.
本着节能环保的发展理念,提出水泥粉煤灰建筑垃圾桩处理软土地基的方案,用建筑垃圾再生粗骨料(粒径范围4.75~9.5 mm)代替碎石、细骨料(粒径范围0.075~0.6 mm)代替中粗砂,并通过室内试验、现场试验及质量检测等验证方案的可行性。结果表明:建筑垃圾再生骨料混凝土的最佳配合设计为胶凝材料掺入比15%,水泥∶粉煤灰=2∶1(E组);试件90 d养护龄期的无侧限抗压强度较28d增加幅度在19.5%~26.5%之间,高于普通混凝土。采用标准试件28 d养护龄期的无侧限抗压强度值作为再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度标准值,偏低;单桩复合地基的承载力为487.7 kPa,较天然软土地基承载力提高了3.8倍,满足复合地基承载力的设计要求。  相似文献   
50.
本文针对含聚合物采油废水中聚丙烯酰胺生物毒性大、生化降解困难,采用二级气浮+活性污泥工艺对高含聚采油废水进行了现场实验研究。实验结果表明,处理后外排水中COD 80 mg/L,降解效率96.9%;石油类2 mg/L,降解效率98.6%,外排水的各项指标均能达国家和地方的相关标准。  相似文献   
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