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171.
172.
太阳光Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
研究利用太阳光Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液。根据太阳光辐射强度随时间的变化规律,选择重庆7、8月份的晴天,在中午12:00到下午14:00时进行试验,研究太阳光辐射时间、pH值、Fenton试剂用量对垃圾渗滤液COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明:太阳光Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液的COD有较好的去除效果,COD去除率达86.2%。太阳光Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的优化条件是:日光辐射时间为120 min,pH值为2.5,Fe2+浓度为5 mmol/L,H2O2浓度为570 mmol/L。同时,论文还对太阳光Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的动力学进行分析。研究结果显示:太阳光Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液,其表观动力学方程为-dC/dt=2.6×10-8×P1.92×F1.79×E1.67。 相似文献
173.
This paper aims to study the enhancement effect of low-intensity ultrasound on anaerobic sludge activity and the efficiency of anaerobic wastewater treatment. Dehydrogenate activity (DHA) and the content of coenzyme F(420) were detected to indicate the change of activity of anaerobic sludge induced by ultrasound at 35 kHz. Single-factor and multiple-factor optimization experiments showed that the optimal ultrasonic intensity and irradiation period were 0.2 W/cm(2) and 10 min, respectively, and the biological activity was enhanced dramatically under the optimal condition. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was increased by ultrasonic treatment and the COD in the effluent was 30% lower than that of the control (without exposure). The hypothetical mechanism of biological activity enhancement by ultrasound was also discussed according to the results. 相似文献
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Wei Liu YiHe Jin Xie Quan Kazuaki Sasaki Norimitsu Saito Shoji F. Nakayama Itaru Sato Shuji Tsuda 《Environment international》2009,35(4):737-742
Samples of precipitation events (snow and rain) in Dalian, a typical coastal town in China, were analyzed for perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) to investigate atmospheric contamination by these compounds. In the snow event on December 16, 2006, samples were collected from 21 different sites and in another 6 precipitation events, samples were collected from a single location. Four PFSAs (C4, C6, C8, C10) and seven PFCAs (C6–12) were analyzed. Among the homologues, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were the highest with a geometric mean (GM) of 145 ng/L (n = 21) during the snow event on December 16, 2006, followed by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) with a GM of 24.7 ng/L (n = 21). Concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) were more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of PFOS. Other PFSAs and PFCAs were found to be below the limit of detection in all the samples. In other 6 precipitation events, PFSAs and PFCAs were detected approximately in the same order of magnitude in both snow and rain. The results indicate that wet deposition may be a potential transport mechanism of perfluorinated chemicals in the environment. 相似文献
176.
The octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA) for PBB15, PBB26, PBB31, PBB49, PBB103 and PBB153 were determined as a function of temperature using a gas chromatographic retention time technique with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDT) as a reference substance. The internal energies of phase change from octanol to air (ΔOAU) were calculated for the six compounds and were in the range from 74 to 116 kJ mol−1. Simple regression equations of log KOA versus relative retention times (RRTs) on gas chromatography (GC), and log KOA versus molecular connectivity indexes (MCI) were obtained, for which the correlation coefficients (r2) were greater than 0.985 at 283.15 K and 298.15 K. Thus the KOA values of the remaining PBBs can be predicted by using their RRTs and MCI according to these relationships. 相似文献
177.
Qing Xie Jingwen Chen Jianping Shao Changer Chen Hongxia Zhao Ce Hao 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1486-1490
Photolysis of deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was investigated in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, isopropanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide. Noticeable differences of the photolytic rates and quantum yields were found in the diverse solvents. Different to the previous deductions, hydrogen donating efficiency and electron donating efficiency of solvents were not the decisive factors for the photolytic rate in this study, which was proved by the fast photolysis of BDE-209 in CCl4, a solvent without hydrogen and difficult to donate electrons. Besides hydrogen addition process, intermolecular polymerization might occur during the photolysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to understand the molecular properties of BDE-209 in different solvents. The lowest singlet vertical excitation energy (Eex) and the average formal charge on Br () of BDE-209, reflecting the difficulty for the excitation of BDE-209 and for the departing of Br atom, respectively, were changed by the reaction fields formed by the different solvents. Eex and linearly correlated with the photolytic activity (log k). This study is helpful to better understand the photolytic behavior of BDE-209 in different media. 相似文献
178.
Abstract: The potential of remotely sensed time series of biophysical states of landscape to characterize soil moisture condition antecedent to radar estimates of precipitation is assessed in a statistical prediction model of streamflow in a 1,420 km2 watershed in south‐central Texas, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series biophysical products offer significant opportunities to characterize and quantify hydrologic state variables such as land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation state and status. Together with Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) precipitation estimates for the period 2002 through 2005, 16 raw and deseasoned time series of LST (day and night), vegetation indices, infrared reflectances, and water stress indices were linearly regressed against observed watershed streamflow on an eight‐day aggregated time period. Time offsets of 0 (synchronous with streamflow event), 8, and 16 days (leading streamflow event) were assessed for each of the 16 parameters to evaluate antecedent effects. The model results indicated a reasonable correlation (r2 = 0.67) when precipitation, daytime LST advanced 16 days, and a deseasoned moisture stress index were regressed against log‐transformed streamflow. The estimation model was applied to a validation period from January 2006 through March 2007, a period of 12 months of regional drought and base‐flow conditions followed by three months of above normal rainfall and a flood event. The model resulted in a Nash‐Sutcliffe estimation efficiency (E) of 0.45 for flow series (in log‐space) for the full 15‐month period, ?0.03 for the 2006 drought condition period, and 0.87 for the 2007 wet condition period. The overall model had a relative volume error of ?32%. The contribution of parameter uncertainties to model discrepancy was evaluated. 相似文献
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180.
Fu-Sheng Liu Zhuo Li Shi-Tao Yu Xiao Cui Cong-Xia Xie Xiao-Ping Ge 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(3):208-211
Alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) in a solvent in which PC can substantially dissolve such
as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and so on were studied. Reaction conditions were optimized for the purpose
of recycling PC in the form of bisphenol A and carbon carbonate. The results showed that both the methanolysis and hydrolysis
of PC could take place under moderate conditions. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 40 °C, m(PC):m(MeOH) = 1:1,
m(PC):m(NaOH) = 50:1, reaction time 35 min and using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, the methanolysis conversion of PC was almost
100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 95%. Moreover, under the conditions of reaction temperature 100 °C, m(PC):m(H2O) = 1:0.7, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 10:1, reaction time 8 h and using 1,4-dioxane as solvent, the hydrolysis conversion of PC was
almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 94%. 相似文献