徐州市区环境空气自动监测系统管理体系

介绍徐州市区环境空气自动监测系统管理体系现状及主要配备的仪器情况,分析阐述了管理制度应从岗位责任、值班、仪器建档等9方面建立,在质量控制上应从采取管理人员培训上岗、系统日常维护和核准及检修等4方面的措施,以便使其管理走向标准化和规范化.     

Estrogenic activities of two synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites

Synthetic pyrethroids(SPs) are among the most common pesticides in current use,and so far,several SPs have been assessed for their potential estrogenicities by various methods.Previous studies have shown that the estrogenicities partly come from their metabolites.Although considerable information is available with respect to the metabolism and environmental degradation of SPs,little is known about the estrogenicities of the metabolites.In this study,permethrin(PM) and β-cypermethrin(CP),as well as their metabolites(3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol(PBCOH),3-phenoxybenzaldehyde(PBCHO) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid(PBCOOH) were evaluated for their estrogenic activities in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.In the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay,PM and CP exhibited significant estrogenic activities at 10-7 mol/L,comparable to 17β-estradiol(E2 ) of 10-9 mol/L,with the relative proliferative effect ratios of 55.4% and 56.3%,respectively.The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) results confirmed the estrogenicities of PM and CP with significant alteration of pS2 and ERα mRNA levels observed at 10-6 mol/L.For the three major metabolites,PBCOH and PBCOOH exhibited estrogenic activities in all assays,while no significant estrogenic responses was observed for PBCHO compared to the vehicle control.In particular,PBCOH had even slightly stronger estrogenic activity than its parent compounds,indicating that metabolism may be one of the reasons for the estrogenicities of the SPs.Given the widespread use of SPs,the toxicological effects of parent compounds and their metabolites should be taken into consideration in the risk assessment of SPs.     

Dechlorination of disinfection by-product monochloroacetic acid in drinking water by nanoscale palladized iron bimetallic particle

Nanoscale palladized iron(Pd/Fe)bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen(BET-N_2)method.Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles containedα-Fe~0.Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight(Pd/Fe ratio)was close to theoretical value. Spherical granules with di...     

3株溶藻细菌溶藻特性的初步研究

对3株溶藻细菌L7、L8和L18溶解水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae FACHB-245)的溶藻方式、溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻特性进行了研究。3株菌都为间接溶藻,产生具有热稳定性的、对水华鱼腥藻有较强溶藻效果的活性代谢产物。L8的溶藻效果与藻液中投加溶藻活性代谢产物的浓度呈正相关。处于衰减期的L8,其溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻效果好于对数生长期和稳定期。在不同pH值条件下进行溶藻实验,当pH值为8.5±0.1时,L7溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率达到85.78%;当pH值为10±0.2时,L8和L18溶藻活性代谢产物的去除率分别达到92.84%和78.72%;由7×108cells/mL的L8菌液获得的无菌滤液,当投加量<30%时,对水华鱼腥藻的生长具有促进作用。     

重金属铜在小麦中的富集特征

采用盆栽法,以小麦为受试作物,通过对不同时期各器官重金属含量的变化.研究重金属Cu在小麦中的富集特征.研究结果表明,在不同生长时期小麦不同部位中重金属Cu的含量有很大差异,总的来说,大部分Cu富集在小麦根部,向地上部分迁移较少,幼苗期分布为根>叶片;拔节期分布为根>茎>叶片:抽穗期分布为根>茎>叶片>颖壳;成熟期分布为根>茎>叶片>籽实>颖壳.小麦不同部位随Cu投加量增加对Cu的富集规律有所差异.如在各生长发育期.根中Cu含量整体上随Cu投加量增加逐渐增大.     

Study on biosorption kinetics and thermodynamics of uranium by Citrobacter freudii

Biosorption has been developed as an effective and economic method to treat wastewater containing low concentrations of metal pollutants. In this study, a bacterium, Citrobacter freudii, was used as a biosorbent to adsorb uranium ions. The thermodynamics and kinetics of this adsorption, as well as its mechanism, were investigated. The results indicated that the biosorption rate could be better described by a pseudo 2nd-order model than a pseudo 1st-order model. The adsorption of U (VI) proceeded very rapidly in the first 30min and subsequently slowed down continuously for a long period. The biosorption isotherm of uranium by C. freudii could be described well by the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherm, and the latter was better. The thermodynamics parameters, DeltaH degrees , DeltaG degrees , and DeltaS degrees were calculated according to the results of the experiment, which showed this biosorption as being endothermic and spontaneous. The authors investigated the active sites of bacteria for biosorption and the results proved that carboxyl in the cell wall played an important role in biosorption.     

Emergency drinking water treatment in source water pollution incident—technology and practice in China

An investigation into emergency potable water treatment technologies was conducted to investigate China’s water pollution situation. In order to confirm optimum parameters, the technological efficiency of each pollutant was obtained. About 100 contaminants were tested to find the emergency treatment technologies, most of which were found to be positive. This paper presents the three largest and most significant water pollution incidents in China to date, analyzing cases such as the nitrobenzene pollution incident in the Songhua River in November 2005, the cadmium pollution incident in the Beijiang River in December 2005, and the water crisis with odorous tap water in Wuxi City in May 2007.     

温度对底栖端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)存活、生长和发育的影响

河蜾赢蜚(Corophium acherusicum)生长发育的适温范围为15～25℃,最适温度为20℃.在适宜范围内实验室恒温培养的河蜾赢蜚生长优于自然环境.本文较细致的记录了河蜾赢蜚的发育状况,在适宜范嗣内河蜾赢蜚幼体的发育随温度的提高而加快.研究结果表明,河蜾赢蜚实验室培养温度宜选择在15～25℃,用其进行沉积物毒性生物检测的实验温度宜选择在20℃.     

土壤元素背景值的研究——以南方某区域为例

依据南方某区域农业地质与生态地球化学调查取得的区域地球化学资料,按照不同土壤类型求取了研究区的土壤元素背景值,并分别与该区域所在省和全国平均水平进行横向和纵向比较,进而对研究区土壤中各元素及指标的丰缺状况进行分析,从而对现有土壤利用状况作出评价,为该地区土壤污染评价和治理修复提供了重要的地球化学依据,也为农业环境的规划和相应标准的制定提供了基础资料.     

典型城市浅水湖泊沉积物中磷与铁的形态分布及相关关系

应用改进的SEDEX法和BCR法对3个典型城市浅水湖泊(玄武湖、大明湖和莫愁湖)表层沉积物中的磷和铁的形态进行了测定与分析,并探讨了二者之间的相关关系.结果表明,玄武湖、大明湖和莫愁湖沉积物中Al-P含量都较低(<1%),Fe-P质量分数分别为17.10%～27.88%、16.68%～27.06%和0.06%～0.17%,分布顺序与湖泊富营养化程度相符.Ex-P和ACa-P、De-P含量的分布顺序均为大明湖＞莫愁湖＞玄武湖,其中钙磷的质量分数为32.51%～75.39%,是湖泊沉积物磷的主要赋存形态;3个城市湖泊沉积物中的铁元素主要以残渣态(F4)存在,占总量的69.17%～99.88%.其中,玄武湖沉积物中的F1和F2态的含量较高,占总量的6.46%～17.35%,可能与玄武湖频繁的蓝藻暴发有密切关系;TP与铁的F1、F2和F3态相关系数分别达到-0.95、-0.94、-0.81,呈极显著负相关(p＜0.01).Ex-P、Al-P、Or-P与F1、F2态相关显著,与它们性质活泼,易受环境条件影响有关.ACa-P、De-P是生物难利用磷,但二者却与F1、F2和F3态存在显著负相关关系,其反应机制还有待深入研究.