日地环境对人类自发攻击性事件的影响

考察了日地空间物理环境扰动与人类自发攻击性群体性事件发生率之间相关性。统计分析发现，两者之间的相关程度很高，历元叠加后相关系数可达０．８４和０．７９、这表明日地空间物理环境对人类攻击性本能和情绪具有显著的调节作用，导致全球自发攻击性群体事件年发生率具有１１ａ准周期波动特征。其作用机制可能是地磁场活动和大气温度的影响。     

AGRICULTURE LAND‐USE EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT LOSSES IN WEST TIAOXI WATERSHED,CHINA1

ABSTRACT: Five types of land use/land covers in the West Tiaoxi watershed of China were studied for nutrient losses in artificial rainstorm runoff. A self‐designed rainfall simulator was used. In situ rainfall simulations were used to: (1) compare the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in different land use/land covers and (2) evaluate the flux of nitrogen and phosphorous export from runoff and sediment in various types of land use/land covers. Three duplicated experiments were carried out under rain intensity of 2 mm/min, each lasting 32 minutes on a 3 m² plot. Characteristics of various species of nitrogen and phosphorous in runoff and sediment were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) were greatest in runoff from mulberry trees and smallest from pine forest. The TN and TP export was mainly from suspended particulate in runoff. TN and TP exports from the top 10 cm layer of five types of land use/land covers were estimated as high as 4.66 to 9.40 g/m² and 2.57 to 4.89 g/m², respectively, of which exports through sediment of runoff accounted for more than 90 percent and 97 percent. The rate of TN and TP exports ranged from 2.68 to approximately 14.48 and 0.45 to approximately 4.11 mg/m²/min in runoff; these rates were much lower than those of 100.01 to approximately 172.67 and 72.82 to approximately 135.96 mg/m²/min in the runoff sediment.     

南宁城市生活垃圾处理的二次污染防治

南宁市主要以堆肥和填埋方式处理生活垃圾，由于二次污染而对外界环境造成影响，应尺快实现堆肥，焚烧，填埋有机融合的“三合一”生活垃圾综合处理工程，逐步实现生活垃圾处理无害化，减变化，资源化的目标。     

关于我国政府对重大突发事件管理现状的问卷调查与分析

在对我国的6个大中城市涉及重大突发事件的相关部门进行了问卷调查与访谈的基础上,通过对263份有效问卷的统计数据处理,笔者分析了被调查者对重大突发事件的基本认识、现有的重大突发事件政府管理现状、我国重大突发事件政府管理中存在的问题。从中得到了重大突发事件自身的发展有其一定的规律性、对社会的影响的主要原因、我国重大突发事件政府管理模式的基本现状和存在的问题,并指出了必须针对重大突发事件的发展规律,提高政府对现有的重大突发事件管理效率,构建相应的政府预警管理模式。最后,提出了我国政府对重大突发事件管理模式的改进意见,期望政府能对重大突发事件管理模式的构建有所参考和启示。     

土质边坡动力稳定可靠度计算方法研究

考虑爆破地震的时程效应,采用拟静力化的惯性力法,利用改进了的条分法来计算主动土压力,提出了土质边坡在爆破过程中的动力稳定性系数的计算方法,再用改进的JC法求出土坡最小稳定性系数和最小可靠度指标。实践证明,本方法是一种准确、实用的土坡稳定性计算方法。     

耗散结构理论在矿井通风系统优化中的应用

利用耗散结构理论，以系统的影响参数作为切入点，对矿井通风系统的形成过程、系统平衡等进行描述，据此得出了一些探讨性结沦，这些有助于矿井通风系统优化与控制的计算机模拟。     

低温燃烧合成纳米Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂的表征及活性研究

采用低温燃烧合成法制备了Ni掺杂TiO2光催化剂,通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、激光散射、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)等方法对催化剂的光吸收特性、晶相组成、粒度分布、升温过程中化学变化等进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物考察了催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性.结果表明,相对P25而言,Ni掺杂TiO2的光吸收带边红移,当Ni/Ti原子比为0.4时,催化剂的带隙宽度为2.3eV,对应的吸收带边为564nm;催化剂晶型以锐钛矿TiO2为主,随Ni掺杂量增大,NiTiO3比例升高;催化剂粒径主要分布在50～150nm之间,占总量的96.9%;升温过程中催化剂在445.2℃发生晶型转化,出现锐钛矿和NiTiO3晶体.催化剂显示出较高的催化活性,在可见光作用150min后最高可使93.9%的亚甲基蓝分解,活性高于P25.     

掺铁TiO2对庚烷气相光催化活性的研究

以乙酰丙酮铁和钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,制备掺铁TiO2复合光催化剂,以光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型,测定掺铁对TiO2光催化剂的结构、光吸收和光催化活性的影响．XRD的表征结果显示,焙烧温度升高,锐钛矿型TiO2转化成金红石型,且在700℃下有铁板钛矿生成;UV-Vis的结果表明,TiO2掺铁后增强了在可见光区的吸收,并且随着含铁量的增大,红移增大,提高了对可见光的利用率．相同掺铁量(Fe／Ti=0．07)下,500℃焙烧的光催化剂对庚烷的光催化降解活性最高,300℃次之,700℃最差．相同焙烧温度下,掺铁量在0．007-0．07范围内,光催化活性随掺杂量的增大而下降．     

全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃对长江寸滩站以上流域径流的影响

基于多领域间影响模型比较计划推荐使用的4个全球气候模式GCM数据（GFDL、Had、IPSL和MIROC),分别驱动SWIM、SWAT、HBV和VIC水文模型模拟长江寸滩站以上流域径流量,研究全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃情景下研究区径流量变化。研究表明：（1）在全球升温1.5℃时,水文模型和GCMs模拟的年径流量增幅分别在 5.5%~8.3%和3.5%~11.4%之间;在全球升温2.0℃时,水文模型模拟的径流量增幅在4.8%~6.7%,IPSL模拟的年径流量呈微弱减少趋势,HAD和MIROC模拟的年径流量分别增加6.7%和19%。来自GCMs的不确定性分别是来自水文模型的2.6和 2.1倍;（2）在两个不同升温条件下,月径流量集合平均的占比与基准期各月径流量的占比表现出高度一致性,但是升温1.5℃和2.0℃时的月最大径流量占比分别为47.8%和40.5%,表明在未来升温时段内,月径流量占比变化并不显著,但是极端月径流的变化较大;（3）全球升温1.5℃时,枯、丰水期日径流量增幅分别为3%和10%,但枯、丰水期径流贡献率变化幅度都不大。全球升温2.0℃时,枯、丰水期增幅分别为3.6%和8%,但枯、丰水期径流贡献率都呈下降趋势。全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃时,50年一遇（P=2%）的洪水流量,将分别比基准期增加26.3%和20.7%。基准期50年一遇的洪水将可能变成20年一遇,多年平均最大日径流量较基准期也有增加。     

Spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon in the North China Plain

The organic carbon, permeability test, grain size, chemical composition, and mineral composition were analyzed for 147 samples collected from the Luan River catchment, Hebei province, China, to quantitatively characterize the effects of land use, climate change, sedimentary environment, mineral composition, and chemical composition on the spatial and temporal variation of soil organic carbon (SOC). The results indicate that there was higher SOC content and stronger variation in the south plain than in the northern low mountain. The effects of land use, climate change, and sedimentary environment on SOC distribution were greater than the effects of mineral composition and chemical composition. The cropping systems in the Luan River catchment resulted in significant difference in SOC concentration between the south plain and north mountain. The precipitation mainly transmitted its effects through the sedimentary environment to SOC, which caused the stronger temporal variation in SOC from June to October in the south plain. The north mountain did not have significant temporal variation because of the lower hydraulic conductivity of the sedimentary sequence. The spatial variation of SOC was correlated with land use, and their temporal variation was attributed to climate change and sedimentary environment. Apart from land use, the decision maker can also affect the organic carbon mineral and sequence through the sedimentary environment.