模糊综合评价法在水质变化和水体管理中的应用

应用模糊数学中的模糊综合评价法，对徐州市的地面水体的水质变化趋势进行了探讨，结果表明模糊综合评价法能及时发现水质恶化现象，对水体的管理具有指导作用．     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（XIII）

非金属氢化物具有EHn活性基刚，大多数挥发性氢化物的最低爆炸氰浓度几乎是零。因此，在处理非金属氢化物时，全部除掉空气或氧气对安全操作是重要的。在氢化混合物中有杂质时会更进一步增加着火的危险。值得强调的是：硫化氢不仅与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物，而遇明火、高热且能引起燃烧或爆炸。     

多元素分析器分析砷遇到的问题与方法改进

依据新银盐分光光度法的基本原理,使用多元素分析器准确测定水体中砷的含量会遇到一些问题,如砷标准使用液浓度,吸收液配制,U型管DMF混合液加入量,脱脂棉装入U型管松紧程度,反应水样酸度,反应/吸收装置的致密性和一致性以及使用玻璃器皿的洗涤等,如果这些操作步骤不当都会给测定结果带来一定的误差,为了尽量减少这些误差,分析者对该项目测定方法作了一些探讨和改进,收到了良好的成效.     

木屑和花生壳吸附去除水溶液中Cr3+的试验研究

以废弃物木屑和花生壳作为吸附剂,进行了吸附去除水中Cr3 的试验.研究了溶液pH值、初始Cr3 浓度以及温度等因素对这2种吸附剂去除Cr3 作用的影响,对吸附曲线作了线性拟合,确定了相应的平衡吸附率,在Cr3 初始浓度为1、5、10和20 mg/L时,木屑对Cr3 的平衡吸附率为81%、68%、56%和40%,花生壳依次为77%、63%、53%和42%,并探讨了这2种吸附剂对溶液中Cr3 的吸附机理.     

基于SWAT模型的泗河流域除草剂迁移模拟

泗河流域农药污染对南四湖湖泊乃至南水北调工程具有重要的影响,为了解流域农药迁移过程并对其采取治理措施,本研究在泗河流域通过实地采样与调查、室内实验分析、数据统计等手段,借助SWAT模型对流域除草剂阿特拉津及其代谢产物进行迁移模拟.结果表明,除草剂输出与流域径流量有很高的相关性,输出时间以7~8月份为主,输出量占全年的69%以上.且受河道长度、耕地分布等因素的影响,阿特拉津的输出量以东部上游地区和中部地区为主,流域出水口处的阿特拉津输出量居中等水平;阿特拉津代谢产物DEA和DIA的输出量的空间分布相似,以下游流域出口处和中部地区为主.本研究可为流域除草剂迁移治理提供理论支持.     

Effect of sulfur source on photocatalytic degradation performance of CdS/MoS2 prepared with one-step hydrothermal synthesis

Cd S/Mo S_2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S_2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S_2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S_2using three different sulfur sources:thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet(UV)–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S_2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S_2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue(MB)degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S_2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order:thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants(k)for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min~(-1),respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.     

不同类型清水剂处理油田含聚污水的效果对比

考察了阳离子型CWC-14、非离子型NQS-01和阴离子型AQS-08 3类清水剂对油田含聚污水的处理效果,对比了它们的作用特点和絮体性能。实验结果表明:在清水剂加入量350 mg/L、处理温度65℃、搅拌转速300 r/min、搅拌时间5 min的条件下,CWC-14、NQS-01和AQS-08对含聚污水的除油率分别为98.8%、98.0%和99.4%;NQS-01受处理温度、搅拌条件影响较大;CWC-14受污水中聚合物质量浓度影响最大。清水剂的絮体特点与其作用机理有关,CWC-14的絮凝速率最快,起效时间最短,絮体呈黏性大块状;NQS-01的絮凝速率最慢,起效时间最长,絮体呈浮油状;AQS-08的絮凝速率和起效时间适中,絮体呈松散状、流动性好。对比结果表明,非阳离子型清水剂可有效避免油田含聚污水处理过程中的黏性油泥问题。     

Preparation of MgCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> from waste tannery solution and effect of sulfate,chloride, and calcium on leachability of chromium

This paper presents a study regarding the preparation of MgCr₂O₄ from waste tannery solution, and chromium leaching behavior is also investigated with varying amounts of sulfate, chloride and calcium. The phase transformation, crystallinity index and crystallite diameter were characterized using XRD, FT-IR and thermal analysis. A well-crystallized MgCr₂O₄ was successfully prepared at 1400 °C. The sintering temperature had a major impact on the formation of MgCr₂O₄ compared with sintering time. The MgCr₂O₄ phase was observed initially at 400 °C and its crystallite diameter increased with increasing temperature. The concentration of total chromium leached and Cr(VI) decreased gradually with increasing temperature. The considerable amount of Cr(VI) was found in the leachate at 300–500 °C caused by Cr(VI) intermediary products. Sulfate and chlorine could impact the transformation efficiency of chromium adversely, and chlorine has a more significant effect than sulfate. The presence of calcium disturbed the formation of MgCr₂O₄ and new chromium species (CaCrO₄) appeared, which resulted in a sharp increase in the concentration of leached Cr(VI). Incorporating Cr(III) into the MgCr₂O₄ spinel for reusable products reduced its mobility significantly. This was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for the disposal of chromium containing waste resource.     

岩石冻融风化作用积累泥石流物源试验研究

风化作用导致地表岩石的破碎,是泥石流固体物质的主要来源之一。研究岩石风化作用对于研究高原泥石流物源的积累效应和泥石流的形成机理具有重要意义。在高寒地区,地表岩石以物理风化为主。温度和水分的变化是物理风化作用的主要原因。该文选择青海省玉树州泥质砂岩,分6级不同含水率,分别开展了循环10次、20次、40次、60次、80次冻融试验,并对冻融岩样进行纵波波速测量、CT扫描和抗拉强度测量,横向比较岩石的风化程度。通过试验得出不同含水率条件下,随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩样的纵波波速、CT数和抗拉强度都呈减小的趋势。综合分析认为温差作用和冰劈效应在高寒地区岩石风化中的主要地质作用。在干燥条件下,温差作用更加明显。在含水条件下,温差风化和冰劈作用同时存在,相互促进。     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.