利用神经网络及数值模拟获取变压边力控制曲线

在应用Dynaform、Autoform等板料数值模拟软件的过程中 ,通常需要对压边力施力曲线进行各种预先的设定 ,但如何选定施力模式一直是一个比较棘手的问题 ,在文中利用数值模拟及MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱得出了压边力的最优控制曲线     

试剂管法快速测定环境水质中的洗涤剂

本文采用维多利亚蓝简易试剂管法，直接在水相中显色快速测定环境水质中的洗涤剂．此法操作简便、结果准确可靠．ｔ检验结果，Ｐ＞０．０５，简易法与标准方法之间无显著性差异，适合于现场及野外条件下使用．     

茶防龋研究进展

从流行病学和临床效果、防龋物质及作用机制、模拟实验和动物实验几个方面对国内外茶防龋研究进行综述,提出研究中亟待解决的问题,预示了茶防龋今后的发展方向和前景。     

方轧件在椭圆孔型中轧制温度场的三维有限元分析

应用MARC/autoforge有限元软件对方轧件在椭圆孔型中的轧制温度场进行了热力耦合模拟.研究了模拟过程中的传热边界条件,分析了轧制前和轧制过程中轧件中温度场的分布和变化规律.模拟计算结果和实验结果的比较说明二者基本是相符的.     

Combined effect of tributyltin and benzo[a] pyrene on the levels of sex hormone and vitellogenin in female Sebastiscus marmoratus

Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.     

城市固体废物的焚烧实验

 稳定均匀的燃烧温度是确保减少垃圾焚烧系统大气污染物排放量的一个重要因素.采用内旋流流化床(ICFB)进行了城市生活垃圾焚烧实验,探讨了不同的布风速度、垃圾焚烧量、流化床浓相区高度和不同种类垃圾对焚烧稳定性的影响,并给出了流化床内部温度和CO、NO_X、SO₂等大气污染物的浓度变化.内旋流流化床采用非均匀布风,低速风的移动区尚未流化时,浓相区温度存在一定的不均匀性,低速风区流速超过2倍初始流化速度后,浓相区温度是均匀一致的;流化床的床料具有较好的蓄热能力,较厚的床层有利于提高燃烧的稳定性,可减少垃圾给料和垃圾热值的波动对燃烧温度造成的不利影响;垃圾的焚烧效果与垃圾的热值有直接关系,焚烧低热值垃圾时,为了提高焚烧温度并达到较好的排放指标,需要增加一定量辅助燃料进行助燃;内旋流流化床在燃烧稳定性以及燃烧温度控制上具有一定优势.     

水稻烤田期间N2O排放及其影响因素

水稻田间实验研究了烤田期间的土壤温度、Eh、含水量和裂缝基本性质,矿质态氮以及与氮有关的酶活性的演变规律,及其对N2O排放的影响.试验表明,在水稻分蘖期间烤田,N2O有一个排放高峰,其最高值可达75.6μg·m-2·h-1.在排放高峰后,即使继续烤田,N2O的排放值也将降低.N2O排放与尿素氮肥的施用量没有明显关系.裂缝的生成,改变了N2O的日排放规律.随着烤田时间的延长,脲酶和羟胺还原酶活性呈波动变化,硝酸还原酶活性递减,亚硝酸还原酶活性极低.硝酸还原酶活性与N2O排放之间没有显著相关性.土壤中的脲酶活性与N2O日排放通量呈显著的线性正相关.在烤田期间,NO-3含量呈增加趋势.土壤中的硝态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著正线性关系.土壤中的铵态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著负线性相关.     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

煤矿环境污染评价及“三废”资源化探讨

煤矿对生态环境的污染与破坏日益严重，已成为当前我国环境保护面临的重要问题之一。文中阐述了煤矿对生态环境的污染问题，探讨了煤矿环境污染评价指标。分析了煤矿“三废”（即矿井水、瓦斯、煤矸石）的资源化问题，指出煤矿企业需加大在环境保护方面的投入，通过提高对“三废”的综合利用，逐步迭到循环经济的生产模式，在解决煤矿环境污染问题的同时取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

浅谈原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用

本文介绍了原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用情况和重要性。分析了原子吸收光度法（包括石墨炉法）与ICP-AES（电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法），原子荧光法，极谱法在分析元素时各自的优缺点，又从目前环境监测的角度阐述了应用原子吸收分光度计的重要性与现实性。分析了原子吸收分光广度计在使用中的常见问题及原子吸收分光广度法分析中常出现的问题（从仪器、方法角度分别讲述）。并提出了原子吸收分光度计要进一步应适应环境监测的需求。