长期暴露于全氟十三酸的青鳉鱼体内分布和生物富集

研究了将青鳉鱼长期暴露于不同浓度的全氟羧酸类物质全氟十三酸(PFTriDA)后的器官分布和富集系数.结果显示, PFTriDA最高富集在性腺;其次是卵、肝脏;浓度最低的部分是残体.除了性腺之外,该器官分布与野生中华鲟的一致.在相同暴露浓度下,雄鱼体内各器官的PFTriDA的含量高于雌鱼,机理模型计算进一步表明高母子传递系数是造成雌雄差异的可能原因.随着PFTriDA暴露浓度的升高,鱼体内同一器官的生物富集系数(BCF)呈现下降趋势.     

A review of research on the environmental impact of e-business and ICT

This paper attempts to provide a review of the current state of the art of how e-business/ICT affects the environment. The work reviewed is in various forms including journal papers and thesis which have been peer-reviewed, as well as other resources such as projects and project reports, conference and symposia, and websites. It is claimed that the research examined has captured the most important work to date, either for a general knowledge of this new area or for background study by experts carrying out future research. The review has found that the currently dominant approach is either a micro-level case study approach or a macro-level statistical approach. It is concluded that a more predictive and empirical model, which can be applied within a sector of society, should be more beneficial in the long term. This approach should help simulate potential impacts resulting from changes of indicators, so that positive effects can be promoted and negative ones alleviated proactively, rather than knowing and accepting outcomes passively.     

三峡水库建设前后库区10年土地覆盖变化

介绍利用定量遥感监测手段,开展10年间三峡库区土地覆盖监测,采用联合国粮农组织土地覆盖分类系统在150 000尺度下划分38类土地覆盖类型,利用面向对象的信息提取方法,通过多尺度分割和模糊判别的手段开展土地覆盖的信息提取。通过监测分析,三峡库区在2002年耕地总量占总面积43.93%,森林面积占29.03%,与1992年对比,耕地面积减少1.13%,森林面积减少0.13%,灌木林增加了0.58%。影响土地覆盖变化的主要是城市扩展、库区移民、生态环境政策等原因。     

一款用于无线通信系统的小型滤波器天线

目的设计一款适用于现代无线通信系统小型的滤波器天线。方法由一微带开口环谐振器、一段耦合线和一个Г型天线组成一款滤波器天线。这个Г型天线由耦合线激励,在设计中起着导纳变换器的作用。Г型天线不仅起着辐射的作用,同时也是滤波器最后一个谐振器,使滤波器和天线之间基本没有损耗,在仿真调试后,加工成实物进行测试。结果该滤波器天线在反射系数S11<-10 dB的阻抗带宽有12.7%(2.36~2.68 GHz),滤波器天线具有平坦的通带,通带内的最大差异为0.84 dB。滤波器天线通带外增益不到-15 dBi,这说明滤波器天线具有很好的带外抑制性。结论设计的滤波器天线通带内天线增益较为平坦,且拥有良好的带外抑制特性、滤波与辐射特性,并且损耗很低,很适合用于现代无线通信系统的射频前端。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区地形和土地利用对深层土壤有机碳的影响

研究地形和土地利用对深层土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)的影响,对准确评估土壤固碳潜力和土壤碳循环具有重要意义.以3种地形(峁顶、峁坡、沟底)和7种土地利用类型(农田、果园、天然草地、人工与天然灌木林、人工与天然乔木林)为对象,在黄土丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域采集53个0～1m土壤剖面中6个层次,898个土壤样品,研究了地形和土地利用方式对黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域深层SOC含量和分布影响.结果表明,地形、土地利用方式、土层深度及其两两交互作用对流域深层SOC空间分布有极显著影响(p0.01).深层(10～100cm)与表层(0～10cm)SOC在3种地形的分布不同.对于表层土壤(0～10cm),峁坡SOC含量(10.7g·kg-1)最高,其次是沟底(8.9g·kg-1),峁顶最低(4.4g·kg-1);对深层土壤有机碳,沟底最高(5.6g·kg-1),峁坡次之(4.5g·kg-1),峁顶最低(3.2g·kg-1).深层SOC空间分布因土地利用方式存在显著差异.与农田相比,果园0～40cm土层SOC含量降低21%,但80～100cm土层SOC含量提高13%;天然灌木林40～100cm平均含量(5.3g·kg-1)较农田高66%(p0.05);但天然乔木林40～100cm与其它土地利用方式差异较小.沟底深层(20～100cm)SOC储量(5.04kg·m-2)最大,占1m剖面SOC储量的71.4%;峁坡占63.6%;峁顶占72.3%.深层(20～100cm)SOC储量天然灌木林最高,为6.01kg·m-2,占1m剖面SOC储量的64.7%,天然乔木林深层相对储量最小,仅占49.7%;农田和果园深层相对储量均达到70%以上.     

广东省荔枝园土壤农药残留现状研究

荔枝收获完毕后在广东省荔枝主产区采集208个荔枝园土壤样本,检测了9种荔枝常用农药甲霜灵、代森锰锌、多菌灵、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、敌百虫、乐果和敌敌畏的残留含量.结果表明,农药检出率为氯氰菊酯(59.1%)多菌灵(51.0%)代森锰锌(11.1%)甲霜灵(6.7%)三氟氯氰菊酯(3.4%).乐果和敌敌畏仅在个别果园检出,溴氰菊酯和敌百虫均未检出.土壤同时检出不同种类农药果园的百分数为只检出1种农药(40.4%)同时检出2种(31.3%)未检出(18.8%)同时检出3种(8.2%)同时检出4种(1.4%).检出的7种农药中,代森锰锌残留平均含量最高达39.05μg·kg-1,氯氰菊酯次之为7.83μg·kg-1.其它5种农药平均含量为0.19～1.65μg·kg-1.整体上广东省荔枝园土壤农药残留状况较轻.     

水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对环境的影响研究

 分析了水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤对烟气中污染物排放和熟料品质的影响,结果表明,SO2、NOx、HCl、Hg、As、Ni、Pb、粉尘、二 的排放量均低于工业大气污染物排放规定限制,与空白试验相比,水泥窑协同处置污染土壤过程中烟气中特征污染物排放量没有显著增加.水泥熟料化学成分满足相关规定,熟料产品质量达到相关标准,因此利用水泥窑协同处置POPs污染土壤是一种环境友好处理方式.     

Carbonyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide fluxes in an urban lawn and adjacent bare soil in Guangzhou, China

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were measured during April–July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS. The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (–19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bare soil (–9.89 and 9.35 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively). Fluxes of COS and DMS in mowed lawn were also higher than those in bare soils. Both COS and DMS fluxes showed diurnal variation with detectable but much lower values in the nighttime than in the daytime. COS fluxes were related significantly to temperature and the optimal temperature for COS uptake was 29°C. While positive linear correlations were found between DMS fluxes and temperature. COS fluxes increased linearly with ambient COS mixing ratios, and had a compensation point of 336 ppt.     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

响应面法优化复合微生物吸附剂对低浓度Cr3+的吸附

根据已有4种微生物吸附剂的吸附基团存在的差异特征,将其复配成复合吸附剂,借助统计学方法研究其对低ρ(Cr3+)废水的吸附性能.在单因素试验基础上,利用P-B(Plackett-Burman)法筛选出吸附过程4个主要影响因素分别为pH,初始ρ(Cr3+)及微生物吸附剂XB和TQ的投加量,应用最陡爬坡试验接近主要因素最优水平,采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析得到对低浓度Cr3+吸附过程的二阶模型.结果表明,最优吸附条件为pH 4.0,初始ρ(Cr3+)为4.86mg/L,XB和TQ的投加量分别为0.20和0.13 g/L,实际吸附率达到87.54%,与理论预测值(87.68%)接近,且高出单一吸附剂吸附率7.79%～17.35%.FT-IR扫描显示,复合微生物吸附剂性能提高与表面基团增多有关.通过响应面分析法优化复合微生物吸附,吸附性能明显提高.