壳聚糖复合絮凝剂处理造纸废水的实验研究

研究并考察了壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对造纸污水中COD和SS的絮凝效果,结果表明,当复合絮凝剂的配方和处理条件为：聚合硫酸铁（PFS）60 mg/L聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）2 mg/L壳聚糖（CTS）0.4 mg/L,pH为7.5时,其絮凝效果最佳,此时它对水中COD与SS的去除率分别达到57.4%和97.6%, 与传统絮凝剂PAC/PAM相比,COD与SS的去除率分别提高了10.1%和5.2%,药剂成本下降了21.1%,具有明显的经济效益与环境效益。     

Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Areas Polluted with Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lanzhou,China

This study investigated the soil nematode community structure along the Yellow River in the Lanzhou area of China, and analyzed the impact of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the nematode community. Soil samples from five locations (named A–E), which were chosen for soil analysis, showed significant differences in their heavy metal content (p < 0.01), as well as in the variety of nematodes (up to 41 genera) and families (up to 20) that were present. The different samples also differed significantly in the total PAH content (p < 0.05), as well as the six types of PAH present. Sites A–C showed the most severe contamination with heavy metals and PAHs; these sites had the lowest abundance of fungivores and omnivore/predators, but the proportion of bacteriovores was the highest (p < 0.05). Site E, in contrast, showed only minor pollution with heavy metals and PAHs, and it contained the highest abundance of plant parasites (p < 0.05). Several nematode ecological indicators were found to correlate with concentration of soil pollutants at all the sites tested: the maturity index (MI, in addition to plant parasites), plant parasite index (PPI), ΣMI (including all the soil nematodes), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′′), and Wasilewska index (WI). Disturbance to the soil environment was more severe when MI, ΣMI, and H′ values were lower. The results of the study show that the abundance and structure of the soil nematode communities in the sampling locations were strongly influenced by levels of heavy metals and PAHs in the soil. They also show that the diversity index H′ and the maturity index can be valuable tools for assessing the impact of pollutants on nematodes.     

河网水质模型研究进展

纵观水质模型的研究、应用及相关科学的发展,本文针对现有的水质模型做了分析评价,简要介绍了河网水质模型的未来研究趋势,并提出了几点建议。     

固定化真菌漆酶对分散兰-2BLN的脱色和降解

采用改良壳聚糖固定化的真菌漆酶对染料分散兰-2BLN进行脱色和降解条件的研究,探索了固定化漆酶活力、处理时间、染料浓度、温度和pH对其降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化漆酶脱色降解分散兰-2BLN的适宜条件为：固定化漆酶活力18.2U／mL,染料浓度100mg／L,温度40℃,pH4.6,在上述条件下降解1.5h,分散兰-2BLN脱色率能达到87.68％。重复分批使用固定化漆酶处理2BLN兰,在使用6批次后,脱色率仍能保持在55％以上,其催化效率得到了较大提高。     

降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥培养及驯化研究

采用阶梯式驯化法,控制温度在18℃～24℃,pH在6—8,溶解氧在4—8mg／L,在容积为6L的驯化器中对活性污泥进行培养驯化。经过25d的培养之后,得到了稳定降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥。驯化后的活性污泥SVI为85—132,COD去除率达70％。     

热化学洗涤－超声波分离技术处理油田含油污泥

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥所造成的环保隐患问题,长庆油田建设了含油污泥处理站。采用"热化学洗涤-超声波分离"工艺对含油污泥进行处理。含油污泥的含油率从处理前的48.9%降到处理后2.0%,除油率达到95.9%,除油效果较好。     

尾气循环技术在国内顺酐装置的应用

顺酐生产过程排放的废气中含有大量未反应原料、副产物CO和挥发性有机物(VOC)等,对其进行处理使之达标排放,回收其中可利用的物质或能量有重要意义。吐哈石化厂顺酐装置采用CONSER公司工艺技术,新增部分尾气回收生产工艺路线,回收40%的尾气中的正丁烷,实现了蒸汽分阶利用,排放的废气中SO2、NOx、颗粒物等达到GB16297-1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中二级标准。     

基于数据包络分析（DEA）的中国节能降耗实证研究

能源是人类赖以生存的基础,也是社会经济可持续发展的重要约束,能源效率越来越受到国际社会的关注.我国"十一五"规划纲要中明确提出了到2010年实现GDP能耗降低20%的量化指标,节能降耗已经上升为基本国策.通过对2000-2007年中国能源利用状况的分析以及各省能源效率的测算,得出中国能源消费结构不合理、能源效率区域差异较大的结论.     

恩施市发展循环农业的思考

循环农业作为一种新的农业发展方式,可促进资源的有效利用,实现农业和相关产业的迅速发展.恩施市是一个以山地为主的农业城市,发展循环农业的意义重大.分析了恩施市发展循环农业的必要性以及有利因素和制约因素,提出了发展循环农业的相关对策建议.     

新型玻纤／P84复合针刺毡的开发及应用

阐述了玻纤／P84复合毡过滤材料的研制过程、技术方法、使用效果及其应用。玻纤／P84复合针刺毡既要满足高性能、低成本的生产要求,还要适应不断提高的环保要求及复杂工况的要求。