Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.     

如何利用水环境资源承载力确定城市规模研究——以天府新区为例

以水环境承载力的概念及内涵为基础,研究了天府新区规划初期水资源可持续利用的条件,并基于最大纳污量计算了可承载的区域人口和社会经济规模,为天府新区的区域整体发展规划提供依据.在天府新区新的发展目标下,论述了消除或缓解水资源的压力措施,即:改善和提高水资源管理水平甚至宏观社会经济决策水平,改善当地水资源承载状态,提高当地水资源系统对未来社会、经济、人口和生态环境的承载力.     

利用唐鱼雌激素受体构建环境雌激素重组酵母测评系统的研究

利用唐鱼雌激素受体基因片段构建重组酵母,用以筛选环境雌激素类化学物质.实验先将唐鱼雌激素受体terα基因片段插入载体pGADT7中构建表达质粒p GADT7/TERα,同时将雌激素效应元件(ere)片段插入pMP206载体中构建报告质粒pMP206/ERE-Lac Z;然后把表达质粒和报告质粒共转化到酵母AH109中,经筛选成功构建了由唐鱼雌激素受体调控的表达lac Z基因的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE.结果表明,所构建的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE在不同浓度17β-雌二醇(E2)的诱导下,β-半乳糖苷酶的活性呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系,其EC50为(0.521±0.700)nmol·L-1.与DMSO对照组相比,重组酵母在17β-雌二醇诱导下有明显的β-半乳糖苷酶活性增强的现象.在不同浓度17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、壬基酚(NP)及其混合物、双酚A(BPA)、17β-雌二醇(E2)(阳性对照)的诱导下,重组酵母均呈现出剂量-效应关系,且灵敏度大小为E2EE2NPBPA.结果表明,本研究成功构建了重组基因酵母测评系统,初步判定该重组酵母可应用于环境雌激素的筛选.     

臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺SBR段污泥和上清液的性质影响

研究了臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺中SBR段污泥性质和上清液的影响.结果表明,当臭氧投加量为0～0.349 g O3/g MLSS时,随着施加臭氧浓度的不断增加,MLSS、MLVSS和污泥的生物活性明显降低,但污泥的沉淀性却增强了.污泥上清液中,TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P和多糖浓度均随着臭氧投加...     

非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd2+和Cu2+的吸附特性研究

对比了不同吸附剂对重金属的吸附效果,同时研究了啤酒酵母的固定化方法、菌体用量对吸附效果的影响、非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母吸附热力学特性。研究结果表明,非固定化死啤酒酵母对Cd²⁺的单位菌体吸附量是常用吸附剂活性炭的3倍;由1∶3的海藻酸钠与碱处理啤酒酵母（w/w）制得的固定化颗粒吸附效果最好;菌体用量的增加会降低单位菌体对重金属的吸附量;啤酒酵母对重金属的吸附位点有限,Cd²⁺的实际最大吸附量为13.95 mg/g,Cu²⁺为7.67 mg/     

猪场废水厌氧发酵液循环脱氮工艺

研究了水解酸化与生物接触氧化组合循环工艺处理猪养殖场废水厌氧发酵液的脱氮特性,重点考察了组合工艺的最佳运行工况和参数,同时讨论了组合工艺低温运行的性能。结果表明,水力停留时间24 h和污水循环比1∶3为最佳运行工况,此时出水氨氮浓度为2.16～8.20 mg/L。溶解氧(DO)浓度2～3 mg/L和有机负荷3 g/L以下为最佳运行参数,出水氨氮浓度稳定在10 mg/L以下。在春季低温条件下(8～12℃),组合工艺也能较好运行,水解酸化池内小分子有机酸产生总量为114.50～244.22 mg/L。组合工艺连续运行3个月以上,污染物去除效果稳定。     

屋面雨水集汇过程中新污染物分布及归趋特性

雨水中新污染物（ECs）识别逐渐受到广泛关注,掌握其在降水过程赋存及迁变特性成为雨水资源化利用的关键. 选取典型屋面,研究了2023年春季3~5月期间6场降雨事件不同集汇过程中雨水水质状况及ECs赋存差异,采用主成分分析（PCA）和相关性分析,探明了屋面雨水集汇过程中ECs归趋特性. 结果表明,54种目标ECs在净湿沉降、干湿沉降和屋面径流过程中共检出44种,总浓度范围为63.0~432.4 ng·L^-1（平均值为166.8 ng·L^-1）. 其中,双酚A（BPA）浓度水平最高,其范围为14.7~265.6 ng·L^-1（平均值为62.5 ng·L^-1）,其次为氧氟沙星（OFX）和甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯（EHMC）;溶解性有机质（DOM）、氮污染物和颗粒物是影响ECs赋存特性的重要因子,Mantel相关系数最高可达0.98（P<0.01）;初期雨水集汇过程中净湿沉降的ECs浓度最高,而后期干湿沉降和屋面径流的ECs浓度较高,干、湿沉降对屋面径流的ECs平均贡献率分别为21.48%和78.52%,药品与个人护理品（PPCPs）、内分泌干扰物（EDCs）和农药等在集汇过程中超30%沉积在屋面. 研究结果可为城市屋面径流中的ECs识别和控制以及雨水安全利用提供科学理论依据.     

Determination of butyltin compounds in sedimentsby gas chromatography with flamephotometric detector

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A 60-year sedimentary record of natural and anthropogenic impacts on Lake Chenghai, China

Recent sediments from Lake Chenghai, China, were investigated at high temporal resolution to trace both natural and anthropogenic effects on the lake using total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (P_o), inorganic phosphorus (P_i) and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ¹³C_org and δ¹⁵N) in a ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment core. The results indicated that the sedimentary record covers the last 60 years, during which the lake had undergone apparent changes in nutrient sources and productivity in response to nutrient loading. Prior to the late 1980s, the nutrient contents in sediments mainly originated from algae and lake productivity was relatively stable. Since the late 1980s, increasing TOC, TN and TP concentrations together with the change of δ¹³C_org and δ¹⁵N suggested anthropogenic perturbations in nutrient loading and lake productivity. Endogenic nutrients derived from algae and anthropogenic inputs were two important sources of sedimentary nutrients. The anthropogenic nutrients mainly originated from the discharge of industrial wastewater and artificial cultivation of Spirulina after the middle 1980s, and domestic wastewater discharged from Yongsheng County since 1993.     

燃煤烟气中零价汞控制技术研究进展

我国燃煤过程中汞的排放越来越引起国际社会的广泛关注。燃煤烟气中排放汞的形态主要以零价汞为主,将气态零价汞转化为易于脱除的二价汞是控制零价汞排放的有效途径。为此,文章对燃煤烟气中零价汞的转化机理以及控制技术现状进行了概括和总结,对不同零价汞控制技术的特点进行比较分析,并初步探讨了其发展趋势。结论得出应充分利用现有的烟气净化设备,经济有效地发挥其在烟气除汞方面的作用。