Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.     

堆肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状

堆肥是垃圾处理的主要方法之一 ,厨房垃圾、园林垃圾、农村秸秆和日常生活中的废弃纤维产品均可作为堆肥原料 ,这些原料中含有一定量的纤维素和木质素 ,而纤维素和木质素在堆肥过程中较难生物降解。因此 ,国内外学者致力于研究能加速纤维素和木质素降解的高效微生物。研究发现 ,对纤维素和木质素有降解能力的微生物主要是高温放线菌和高温真菌 ,其中有独特降解机制的白腐菌在木质素降解中起着重要作用     

沼气净化脱硫工艺的研究进展

脱硫是沼气高效利用的重要环节。本文对传统的湿法和干法沼气脱硫主要技术方法和特点进行了综述,重点介绍了国内外间接脱硫和生物脱硫的最新研究进展,并结合我国沼气应用现状,提出了我国沼气净化脱硫的发展方向。     

HACHDR／2500分光光度法测定水样中总磷的可行性研究

文章运用HACHDR／2500分光光度计,对HACH法测定水样中总磷的检出限、精密度、回收率等一系列实验室质量要求进行了测定。并在此基础上,对多个断面的地表水和不同行业工业废水水体的实际样品进行了HACH法与国家标准钼酸铵分光光度法比对实验,从而证明HACHDR／2500分光光度法与国家标准方法无显著性差异。     

企业员工心理服务在安全管理中的应用及前景

1员工援助计划员 工援助计划（Employee Assistance Program,EAP）,即企业员工心理服务,最早起源于20世纪30年代的美国。当时企业开始注意到员工的酗酒、吸毒和其他一些药物滥用问题会影响到员工的工作绩效。到了20世纪60、70年代,由于美国社会的变动,这些问题变得更加突出。工作压力、家庭暴力、离婚、纠纷等众多个人问题接踵而来,于是一些企业开始聘请专家帮助员工解决这些问题,这就是最初的员工援助计划。随着EAP的不断发展,越来越多的国际大企业都引入了EAP项目。     

疾病预防控制中心废水处理技术工程实例

疾病预防控制机构废水具有重金属种类繁多、含病原体数量大、间断性排放等特点,通过运用混凝沉淀＋曝气生物滤池（BIOFOR）＋ClO2消毒工艺对其废水进行处理,处理后废水达到《医疗机构水污染物排放标准（》GB18466-2005）排放标准。     

福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及保护措施

以2003年-2008年饮用水源地水质监测数据为基础,对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质进行评价及趋势分析。评价结果表明：福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质总体较好,水质逐年改善,冬半年水质优于夏半年,湖库型水源地未出现水质富营养化现象;不同水体类型水源地中,地下水型水源地水质最好,河流型水源地次之,湖库型水源地水质较差。本文针对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及存在的安全问题,提出了相应的饮用水源地保护措施,为领导决策部门提供一定的理论依据。     

多元主体参与视角下的地方政府自然灾害应对:经验、问题与对策——以云南省为例

地方政府要做好自然灾害应对工作必须统筹兼顾两个方面的工作:一是在自然灾害应对的法规、组织等层面上切实发挥政府的主导作用;二是充分发挥多元主体参与的作用,集聚社会力量共同参与自然灾害应对。努力形成组织规范、运转协调的政府主导下的多元主体参与的自然灾害应对模式,切实提高地方政府自然灾害应急管理的能力和水平。     

洪湖、梁子湖水体富营养化研究

2015年3月对洪湖、梁子湖进行了水质监测。依据实测数据,结合洪湖湿地自然保护区和梁子湖林业局监测数据和文献数据,采用综合营养状态指数法对洪湖、梁子湖的富营养化状态进行评价;并根据各因子在综合营养状态指数中所占比重和地表水水质标准,对各因子做了比较。结果表明:洪湖、梁子湖综合营养状态指数分别为57.2、42.5。即洪湖为轻度富营养、梁子湖为中营养;各因子对洪湖、梁子湖富营养化的贡献大致相同,即Chla为首,TP、COD_(Mn)和SD次之、TN最后。     

Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by S.trifolia tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.