长江中下游地区地下水中铅元素的背景特征及其形成

根据调查结果，研究了长江中下游地区地下水铅元素的背景特征及其分布规律，并分析了地下水的含水介质成分，氧化还原环境，径流条件及酸碱度对铅元素的分布的影响。     

Evaluation of Potential Molecular Markers for Urban Stormwater Runoff

Source specificity and persistence of several sulfur-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (S-PAHs), nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs), and triphenylene were examined via analyses of stormwater runoff and wastewater effluent samples and spiked samples upon exposure to sunlight. Samples were collected during the 1997/1998 wet weather season from two major storm channels and four major wastewater treatment plants in southern California. Among the target compounds examined, 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole, dibenzothiophene, and triphenylene/chrysene were detected in storm runoff only. However, 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole appeared to degrade rapidly in seawater and sediment after sunlight exposure, which might impede its use as a runoff indicator. Dibenzothiophene and triphenylene also degraded quickly in sunlight-exposed seawater samples, but remained fairly abundant in sediments after six months of exposure to sunlight. They are by far the most promising candidates of urban runoff markers based on the criteria of abundance, source specificity, and persistence, although more research efforts are needed to ensure that no other sources would also contribute significantly to their presence in the aquatic environment.     

深圳妈湾排海工程非设计条件下海水入侵与冲洗研究

本文从微观的角度，分析了排海工程扩散管内海水入侵与冲洗的临界水力特点，并通过理论分析和物理模型试验的相互验证，得出了上述临界水力条件的判别关系式，提出了判别方法，并由此得到了深圳妈湾排海工程防止海水入侵的临界排放流量和出现海水入侵后的最小冲洗流量，为排海工程在非设计条件下的运行管理提供了依据。     

化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的设计

从化学事故应急救援工作的实际需求出发，对化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的设计进行了研究，分析了化学事故应急救援指挥软件系统的用户需求，提出了软件系统的设计思想和主要功能模块。     

Multivariate statistical characterization of water quality in Lake Lanier, Georgia, USA

Watershed monitoring programs depend on water quality characterization data collected for many parameters, at many times and places, and with limited resources. Our objective is to present a strategy that reduces the measured parameters, locations, and frequency without compromising the quality of the monitoring program. One year of twice-monthly (growing season) and monthly (dormant season) water quality data collected from 17 lake and 10 tributary sites are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to improve the utility of collected data by identifying key parameters and monitoring locations. Factor analysis shows that tributary water quality data consists of three components-stormwater runoff, municipal and industrial discharges, and ground water-which can be distinguished using total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and alkalinity plus soluble reactive P, respectively. Lake water quality characterization is more ambiguous than tributary water quality characterization, but factor analysis indicates that anoxia associated with lake stratification is the largest source of lake water quality variation, followed by nutrient abundance, and finally by biomass abundance. Cluster analysis suggests that tributary and lake monitoring stations can be consolidated. Reducing the number of parameters and stations frees up resources for increased monitoring elsewhere.     

1997年11月8日藏北玛尼7.5级大震的预报问题

对 1997年 11月 8日的藏北玛尼大地震 ,我们曾在 1991年进行过预报 ,1997年又曾重申过这个预报。本文用我们过去提出的预报理论和方法 ,对玛尼大震的预报问题再进行更广泛的讨论。文中 ,用立交模式讨论了玛尼大震的孕育机制 ,用 35°线上的 6 0a周期讨论了该震的发生年份 ,用构造交会及“静中动判据”讨论了该地震发生的地点 ,用磁暴倍九法和引潮力增长速度讨论了该震的发震日期 ,用科里奥利力效应讨论了该震余震震级偏小的原因 ,另外 ,还讨论了有关大震 -雪灾链的问题。     

铁路道口安全与框构桥设计软件实现

铁路平交道口是铁路运输中常发生列车和汽车事故的地方 ,在列车经过平交道口时 ,汽车和行人等都必须停在道口两侧 ,严重地影响了交通安全 ,甚至有火车与熄灭在道口的汽车相撞 ,造成火车脱轨的重大事故。因此 ,平交道口改为立体交叉已势在必行。笔者提出了将平交道口改建为框构桥的设计方法 ,并用面向对象的程序设计方法实现了框构桥的自动设计、分析、计算及绘图等过程 ,将极大提高框构桥设计的工作效率 ,加快平改立的速度 ,尽快消除安全隐患     

催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产废气

采用催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产过程排放的含乙醛、2-甲基-1，3-二氧戊烷、乙二醇的废气，用进口Pt Pd／Al2O3-CeO2球状催化剂作废气催化燃烧的催化剂。在催化燃烧反应器床层空速为20000h^-1、催化剂用量为935mL、反应器入口温度为250℃、进口废气总烃质量浓度为2555～5099mg／m^3的条件下，处理后废气的总烃质量浓度为1～38mg／m^3，远低于120mg/m^3的国家排放标准，且总烃去除率达到98．6％～100％，乙醛质量浓度小于99mg／m^3,低于125mg／m^3的国家排放标准。     

一种新型悬浮填料的性能试验研究

本文对生物接触氧化法中的悬浮填料一密度、材质和形状对曝气强度、充氧能力及挂膜能力的影响进行了试验研究.研究中分别采用清水状态的曝气和充氧能力试验以及挂膜的方法.结果表明,悬浮填料的密度在0.95～0.99 g/cma之间比较适合.曝气池内加入填料后,可以提高普通穿孔管的充氧能力,且在一定的投配率范围内,随着填料的增加,氧的传递速率和利用率增加.挂膜试验表明聚丙烯比聚乙烯挂膜快且均匀,膜量大,而且圆柱形填料比空心球填料的挂膜量大.     

企业如何开展伤害预知预警(KYT)活动

历年事故统计分析表明企业事故主要发生在生产作业操作过程中。理论上可以说“控制了生产作业的全过程,就控制了事故”。目前,由于我国企业总体的安全化程度不高,长期以来,企业控制事故的主要方法都是以控制人的不安全行为为主。实践证明,这种管理手段不能有效控制和减少企业事故的发生。从事故形成的两大因素(人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态)看,要在物的条件差的情况下有效地控制事故,必须发动作业人员对作业现场的危险因素加以预测和控制,并采取防范措施,才能减少事故的发生。因此,在企业班组中开展伤害预知预警活动是减少事故的有效手段。