How environmental management driving forces affect environmental and economic performance of SMEs: a study in the Northern China district

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form the core of societal and economic development. However, most people query on the implementation and performance of environmental management. In this paper, the manufacturing SMEs in Northern China with different pollution levels are studied to explore the main forces (e.g., government, society, market, and enterprise itself) driving SMEs for promoting environmental management. It focuses on the correlation between environmental management and economic performance for SMEs at different pollution levels. The results show that SMEs of different pollution levels have significant differences in the relationship of driving forces and performance. First, for SMEs with high-pollution levels, social and market driving forces and government incentives are revealed having a significant effect on their environmental performance. Driving forces from within the enterprise itself and the market provide a positive effect on the economic performance, while social forces have a negative effect. Second, for SMEs with light pollution, social and market driving forces, and government assistance play a supporting role on corporate environmental performance improvement. It is also found that the driving force of the enterprise itself does not have a significant effect on the environmental performance for SMEs with different pollution levels. In addition, the environmental performance and economic performance for SMEs with high or light-pollution levels are positively correlated. Further, it shows that the environmental performance is moderately correlated with financial indices, but not significantly with the non-financial indices.     

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液氧化除铁的研究

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝尾液中的铁离子杂质会影响后面的硫酸锰、硝酸锰产品的纯度,而铁离子主要以Fe2+的形式存在,因此必须先将Fe2-氧化成Fe3+以Fe(OH),的形式除铁.对空气、双氧水和二氧化锰三种氧化剂进行了投加量、pH值、反应时间等操作参数对氧化除铁效果影响的对比实验研究.结果表明,空气为性价比较高的氧化剂.     

啤酒废水处理节能优化改造与实践

通过啤酒废水处理多年的工程改造和运行管理实践,发现实际问题并介绍了啤酒废水处理在工艺选择、工艺运行控制、沼气利用、中水回用、污泥脱水系统排水以及锅炉除尘冲灰排水等方面的一些节能优化经验。     

Evaluation of the infectivity, gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection

The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT-PCR (ICC-RT-qPCR), RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds (from 1 to 5 mg/L) higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log₁₀ reductions in tap water with 60 min exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L (60 min contact), while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L (60 min contact). The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method (such as ICC-RT-qPCR) may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.     

兰州市环境保护自身能力建设问题与对策分析

环境保护自身能力建设既是实现环境保护规划目标所应具备的物质及智力能力要素的总和,又是实现污染减排目标的重要保障。虽然兰州市环保自身能力建设取得了不少成绩,但随着兰州市经济的发展和环境污染的加剧,大气环境监测网络建设水平较低、环保信息化建设相对滞后、各县、区环境监测、监察机构标准化建设水平不高、依法管理环境的能力不强等问题就逐一凸现出来。因此,为实现新时期环保工作的各项目标,就必须采取增加环保投入、提高人员素质、加强环境监管力度、提升信息能力建设水平等措施从硬件能力建设和软件能力建设两个层面来提高兰州市环保自身能力建设水平,保证经济的可持续发展。     

海洋环境保护中的公众参与问题与对策

可持续发展的主体是公众,公众也是最终的受益者,因此可持续发展目标的实现在某种程度上取决于公众参与的方式与程度。可以说,公众参与程度已经成为衡量一个国家或者地区环境保护事业发达程度和环境管理水平高低的一个重要标志。相比之下,目前中国公众参与海洋环境保护的意识不强,参与的途径不多,方式也比较单一,同世界上一些先进国家相比,还有一定的差距。在中国海洋环境保护事业中,加强公众参与的力度,不仅有利于搞好环境保护和管理工作,也是符合国际惯例的。本文通过对公众参与涵义、意义与价值、在中国实行过程中存在的各种问题的论述,提出了提高公众参与有效性的相关建议。     

Environmental dispersivity in free-water-surface-effect dominated wetland: multi-scale analysis

Distinct from the case with width-dominated shallow wetland flows, the longitudinal evolution of contaminant concentration in the most-typical pattern of wetland as dominated by free-water-surface-effect is characterized by a multi-scale analysis in the present study. An environmental dispersion model for the evolution of the mean concentration is deduced as an extension of Taylor’s classical formulation by Mei’s multi-scale analysis. Corresponding environmental dispersivity is found identical to that determined by the method of concentration moments.     

电网应急预案知识图谱构建方法与应用*

为提高电网应急预案知识的检索效率以及电网事故的处置效率,提出电网应急预案知识图谱的构建方法。首先,以电网自然灾害和大面积停电事件应急预案为数据源,分析电网应急预案知识内容体系框架;其次,采用基于规则与基于深度学习的知识抽取方式对应急预案进行知识抽取,并基于Neo4j图数据库对电网应急预案知识进行存储和可视化展示;最后,以某市大面积停电事件应急响应为例,分析电网应急预案知识图谱在实际案例中的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建电网应急预案知识图谱可对电网突发事故进行辅助决策,从而缩短应急决策时间,提高电网事故的应急处置效率。     

液化气罐区拆除风险分析及对策措施

旧罐区拆除作业是一项十分危险的作业,对拆除作业中存在的危险有害因素进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策措施,保证了拆除作业的安全.     

滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。