分级燃烧中固体吸附剂对痕量金属排放的影响

在一维煤粉燃烧炉上进行了烟煤添加不同吸附剂的分级燃烧试验.试验过程中保持总的空气过剩系数a为1.20,分级风量占总风量的20%,炉内温度为1100℃左右.试验发现分级燃烧会增加亚微米颗粒排放,不利于对痕量重金属元素的控制,尤其对挥发性大的元素(如Cu和Ni)影响越明显.热力学计算也表明不同气氛下痕量元素的形态变化过程有很大差异,还原气氛下痕量元素会生成不稳定的次氧化物和还原性产物.固体吸附剂对煤中重金属的排放具有吸附作用,并且不同的吸附剂对不同的痕量元素的吸附效果各不相同,不分级时,对Co,Cr,Ni元素来说,高岭土的吸附效果最好;对Be元素,灰质白云石效果最好;CaO则对Cu元素的吸附效果最好.而在分级情况下,对元素Be,Cr,Ni,灰质白云石的效果最好;对Co和Cu,高岭土的吸附最好.     

应用灰色模型(G,M)预测软土路基沉降量

本文讨论了灰色系统理论在软土路基沉降量预测中的应用 ,以京珠高速公路灵山实验段沉降观测数据为例 ,建立了沉降量灰色预测模型 ,并与三点法、双曲线法的预测结果以及实测结果进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,灰色预测模型的预测沉降量与实际沉降量更接近。最后分析了用灰色模型进行预测应注意的问题。     

国外二恶英污染及其控制

从二恶英的危害性，二恶英与垃圾焚烧，垃圾焚烧二恶英的控制，二恶英排放标准，炼钢产生的二恶英污染和炼钢生产中二恶英的控制几方面叙述了国外二恶英污染及其控制方法，并对我国开展该方面工作提出了建议。     

小麦－玉米轮作期土壤排放N2O通量及总量估算

对小麦-玉米轮作期周年的N₂O通量进行了测定和总量估算,分析了N₂O通量与土壤温度、地温、气温、降水和施氮量的关系。由实验获知,华北平原栾城农业生态系统实验站的农田N₂O通量(N)为10.6-24.2μg/(m²·h),相应的全年排放总量(N)为0.93-2.11kg(hm²·a)。施用尿素的农田排放N₂O量约占化肥施用量的0.54%,施用有机肥和化肥的农田排放N₂O量占总施氮量的0.70%。     

山谷型生活垃圾填埋场填埋方案及防洪措施设计实例

以甘肃省武山县生活垃圾填埋场为例,对山谷型生活垃圾填埋场的不同填埋方案及防洪措施进行了分析比较,确定了填埋场工程总体方案布局,为山谷型生活垃圾填埋场工程设计提供了参考解决方案。     

淋滤水量对多环芳烃在土壤剖面中纵向迁移的影响研究

为了揭示淋滤作用对多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤剖面中纵向迁移的影响,选取北京市昌平区一条具有代表性的土壤剖面作为实验样品,进行了PAHs土柱淋滤模拟研究。结果表明:经过淋滤作用后,淋滤水量不同的三个土柱(A1,A2,A3,淋滤水量依次增大)表层土中残留PAHs总量逐渐降低,但不同环数PAHs含量降低幅度存在较大的差别,低环数PAHs受影响程度更大;在淋滤水量相同的情况下,不同环数PAHs的含量均存在随土柱深度的增大而逐渐降低的趋势,但降低程度存在一定差别。由此推测,通过长期淋滤作用,表层土中的PAHs可以向深层土壤迁移,这些认识可以为深层土壤及浅层地下水的多环芳烃污染评价及保护提供合理的理论依据。     

重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究

进行了垃圾焚烧飞灰的新型稳定化药剂－－重金属螯合剂的实验室研究,探讨了本螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化工艺流程及处理效果。结果表明,本螯合剂夺悄灰中重金属的总捕集效率高达９７％以上,其效果显著优于无机稳定化药剂Ｎａ２Ｓ和石灰,且处理后的飞灰能达到重金属废物的填埋控制标准,同时,其处理后的飞灰的最大浸出量远低于无机稳定化药剂处理后的飞灰,且能在较宽的ｐＨ范围内都具有好的稳定化效果,减少了稳定化产物在环境     

优势菌处理印染废水中水解池的脱色机理

对采用投优势菌群的水解（酸化）-好氧工艺,已稳定运行3年以上的印染废水处理工程的水解池进行菌种的分离、鉴定;对分离得到的10株纯菌进行单株及10株混合菌群的脱色能力、脱色条件试验。结果表明,在数量及脱色能力上,运行前投入的主要用于脱色的分属于假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、红螺菌属的菌株仍占优势;混合菌群的脱色能力优于单株菌,对温度、pH值的适应能力更强,脱色时间更短;菌群的最佳脱色温度是30℃,pH值为9。     

Community structures and population dynamics of “Candidatus Accumulibacter” in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants using ppk1 as phylogenetic marker

Candidatus Accumulibacter has been identified as dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus(P) removal(EBPR) from wastewater.This study revealed the relevance of community structure, abundance and seasonal population dynamics of Candidatus Accumulibacter to process operation of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in China using ppk1 gene as phylogenetic marker. All sludge samples had properties of denitrifying P removal using nitrate as an electron acceptor.Accumulibacter abundance in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(A~2O) process was the highest(26%of total bacteria), and higher in winter than in summer with a better EBPR performance.Type-II was the dominant Accumulibacter in all processes, and type-I accounted for a small proportion of total Accumulibacter. The abundance of Clade-IIC as the most dominant clade reached 2.59 × 10~9 cells/g MLSS and accounted for 87.3% of total Accumulibacter. Clade IIC mainly contributed to denitrifying P removal. Clades IIA, IIC and IID were found in all processes, while clade-IIF was only found in oxidation ditch process through phylogenetic analysis. High proportion of clade IID to total Accumulibacter led to poor performance of aerobic P-uptake in inverted A~2O process. Therefore, Accumulibacter clades in WWTPs were diverse, and EBPR performance was closely related to the clade-level community structures and abundances of Accumulibacter.     

Role of secondary aerosols in haze formation in summer in the Megacity Beijing

A field experiment from 18 August to 8 September 2006 in Beijing, China, was carried out. A hazy day was defined as visibility 10 km and RH(relative humidity) 90%. Four haze episodes, which accounted for ~ 60% of the time during the whole campaign, were characterized by increases of SNA(sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) and SOA(secondary organic aerosol) concentrations. The average values with standard deviation of SO2-+4, NO-3, NH4 and SOA were 49.8(± 31.6), 31.4(±22.3), 25.8(±16.6) and 8.9(±4.1) μg/m3, respectively, during the haze episodes, which were 4.3, 3.4, 4.1, and 1.7 times those in the non-haze days. The SO2-4,NO-3, NH+4, and SOA accounted for 15.8%, 8.8%, 7.3%, and 6.0% of the total mass concentration of PM10 during the non-haze days. The respective contributions of SNA species to PM10 rose to about27.2%, 15.9%, and 13.9% during the haze days, while the contributions of SOA maintained the same level with a slight decrease to about 4.9%. The observed mass concentrations of SNA and SOA increased with the increase of PM10 mass concentration, however, the rate of increase of SNA was much faster than that of the SOA. The SOR(sulfur oxidation ratio) and NOR(nitrogen oxidation ratio) increased from non-haze days to hazy days, and increased with the increase of RH. High concentrations of aerosols and water vapor favored the conversion of SO2 to SO2-4and NO2 to NO-3, which accelerated the accumulation of the aerosols and resulted in the formation of haze in Beijing.