万山汞矿区土壤汞污染及其防治研究

万山汞矿区具有600多年采矿历史,当地的生态破坏问题不容忽视.汞具有挥发性,能在水体、大气、土壤等环境介质中迁移转化,增大了汞污染治理难度.同时汞作为人体非必须的有毒重金属元素,对动、植物及人类具有极大的危害性.在此基础上,探讨了贵州万山汞矿区周边土壤的汞污染现状、来源、形态及其迁移转化规律,提出了相应的治理措施,以期能为今后深入开展汞污染治理研究提供理论依据与技术指导.     

Impact of cleaner production on business performance

Extensive research has examined the relationship between environmental management/performance and business performance but yielded no conclusive results. This paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, instead of focusing on one aspect, we try to compare using various types of cleaner production activities: low- and high-cost activities. Second, the study complements the existing literature which focuses on firms in developed countries with an analysis of firms in the Chinese manufacturing industry. In this paper, the relationship between cleaner production and business performance was analyzed using Structure Equation Model (SEM). We find an overall positive impact of cleaner production on firm's business performance. We also found that the cleaner production activities of low-cost scheme have a bigger contribution to financial performance compared to non-financial performance, while cleaner production activities of high-cost scheme have a greater contribution to non-financial performance, compared to financial performance. This study should be useful for firms that consider adopting cleaner production as well as stakeholders who aim to promote cleaner production.     

The chronic effects of oil pollution on marine phytoplankton in a subtropical bay, China

To evaluate the effects of crude oil water accommodated fraction (WAF) on marine phytoplankton community, natural phytoplankton collected seasonally from the Yueqing bay were exposed to eight groups of crude oil WAF for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Chlorophyll a and cell density were measured, and species of phytoplankton were identified every 24 h to reflect the change of phytoplankton community. The results showed that (1) High concentrations (??2.28 mg l^???1) of oil pollution would greatly restrain phytoplankton growth (p?< 0.001), decrease chlorophyll a content and cell density, whereas low concentrations (??1.21 mg l^???1) did not restrain its growth but rather promoted the phytoplankton growth. (2) The biodiversity, evenness, and species number of phytoplankton were all significantly influenced by crude oil WAF in all seasons (p?<?0.001). (3) The dominant species changes were different under different pollutant concentrations in different seasons. Different species had different tolerances to the oil pollution, thus leading to abnormal succession.     

The extract of aquatic macrophyte Carex cinerascens induced colony formation in bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa played important roles in blooms formation. To study the effects of plant allelopathy on colony formation...     

微波强化内电解处理活性艳红染料废水

提出了一种微波强化内电解处理染料废水的新方法,结果表明:微波不仅可以再生炭铁混合物,而且可以氧化分解活性炭吸附的染料;铁屑不仅与活性炭构成内电解作用,同时还可以促进微波再生活性炭;微波作用多次后炭铁混合物对废水的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99%、COD去除率64%;同时探讨了微波作用时间、微波作用次数、铁屑粒径、炭铁比例和pH值等因素对废水去除率的影响,并初步探讨了其反应机理。     

土壤-植物系统中模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染的短期环境效应--黄豆盆栽试验

通过盆栽实验,研究了在黄豆(Glycne max)的一个生长周期内,模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染对土壤基本性质的影响,模拟酸雨作用下土壤-植物系统中Cd的迁移转化规律以及模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染对黄豆生长与生理特性的影响,探讨了土壤-植物系统中这种复合污染的短期环境效应.结果表明,短期内模拟酸雨和Cd污染对土壤-植物系统都有致害作用,但Cd污染的效应大于模拟酸雨的效应,模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染环境效应大于这2种污染物的单因素效应,且表现出明显的协同作用.在本试验条件下,pH值为3.5的模拟酸雨和20 mg·kg-1Cd的处理组合对土壤-植物系统的危害最严重.尽管在短期内,协同作用仅在土壤交换态Cd含量、黄豆茎和根中的Cd含量这3项指标上得到一定程度的体现,但这种复合污染的化学机制和环境效应值得关注,这2种污染物长时期共同作用对土壤-植物系统的影响也值得深入研究.     

不同光敏剂对LDPE薄膜光降解影响比较

合成硬脂酸铁（FeSt3）、硬脂酸铈（CeSt4）和硬脂酸锰（MnSt2）,用母粒法制备了可光降解LDPE薄膜。采用傅立叶红外变换光谱仪、万能材料试验机和乌氏粘度计测定羰基指数、断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和分子量,研究了这3种光敏剂及其用量对LDPE降解程度的影响。结果表明,3种光敏剂的光敏活性FeSt3〉CeSt4〉MnSt2;LDPE的光降解程度并非随着光敏剂含量的增加而增大,在控制用量的情况下。MnSt2更适合用作稳定剂;光降解使链结构发生了变化。分子量降低。     

超细颗粒的旋风除尘

针对细颗粒旋风除尘 ,以分子筛 空气为实验物系 ,测定了 3种不同结构的环流循环除尘系统的分离性能。实验结果表明 ,加设带有导流锥整流器的除尘系统分离效率最高 ,但压降也略有增加。由该除尘系统的粒级效率曲线可以看出 ,直径在 2 8μm左右的细颗粒由于容易被大颗粒夹带分离 ,其分离效率比 4 μm左右的颗粒高     

超(近)临界流体溶剂在反应和分离技术中的应用

超(近)临界流体(S/NCF)具有可调性,通过调节压力和温度或加入共溶剂能够提高S/NCF溶剂中反应和分离的效率,使之具有可控性,有利于改善环境和提高经济效益本文以超临界CO₂和近临界水为例,总结了S/NCF溶剂在可持续反应和分离中的应用和研究进展.