欧洲红豆杉细胞培养的研究

从欧洲红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｂａｃｃａｔａ）的嫩茎及什叶诱导出愈伤组织，并对之进行了愈伤组织培养及细胞悬浮培养研究；利用ＨＰＬＣ方法测定了培养物合成紫杉醇的能力．探索了提高培养细胞生长率及紫杉醇含量的一些措施．结果表明，欧洲红豆杉愈伤组织及悬浮培养细胞的生长速率已分别达到０．２７ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｄ－１和０．３５ｇ·Ｌ－１·ｄ－１，紫杉醇含量分别为０．００３１％和０．０１７％。     

Filtration and transport of Bacillus subtilis spores and the F-RNA phage MS2 in a coarse alluvial gravel aquifer: implications in the estimation of setback distances

Filtration of Bacillus subtilis spores and the F-RNA phage MS2 (MS2) on a field scale in a coarse alluvial gravel aquifer was evaluated from the authors' previously published data. An advection-dispersion model that is coupled with first-order attachment kinetics was used in this study to interpret microbial concentration vs. time breakthrough curves (BTC) at sampling wells. Based on attachment rates (katt) that were determined by applying the model to the breakthrough data, filter factors (f) were calculated and compared with f values estimated from the slopes of log (cmax/co) vs. distance plots. These two independent approaches resulted in nearly identical filter factors, suggesting that both approaches are useful in determining reductions in microbial concentrations over transport distance. Applying the graphic approach to analyse spatial data, we have also estimated the f values for different aquifers using information provided by some other published field studies. The results show that values of f, in units of log (cmax/co) m(-1), are consistently in the order of 10(-2) for clean coarse gravel aquifers, 10(-3) for contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, and generally 10(-1) for sandy fine gravel aquifers and river and coastal sand aquifers. For each aquifer category, the f values for bacteriophages and bacteria are in the same order-of-magnitude. The f values estimated in this study indicate that for every one-log reduction in microbial concentration in groundwater, it requires a few tens of meters of travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, but a few hundreds of meters in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers. In contrast, a one-log reduction generally only requires a few meters of travel in sandy fine gravel aquifers and sand aquifers. Considering the highest concentration in human effluent is in the order of 10(4) pfu/l for enteroviruses and 10(6) cfu/100 ml for faecal coliform bacteria, a 7-log reduction in microbial concentration would comply with the drinking water standards for the downgradient wells under natural gradient conditions. Based on the results of this study, a 7-log reduction would require 125-280 m travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, 1.7-3.9 km travel in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, 33-61 m travel in clean sandy fine gravel aquifers, 33-129 m travel in contaminated sandy fine gravel aquifers, and 37-44 m travel in contaminated river and coastal sand aquifers. These recommended setback distances are for a worst-case scenario, assuming direct discharge of raw effluent into the saturated zone of an aquifer. Filtration theory was applied to calculate collision efficiency (alpha) from model-derived attachment rates (katt), and the results are compared with those reported in the literature. The calculated alpha values vary by two orders-of-magnitude, depending on whether collision efficiency is estimated from the effective particle size (d10) or the mean particle size (d50). Collision efficiency values for MS-2 are similar to those previously reported in the literature (e.g. ) [DeBorde, D.C., Woessner, W.W., Kiley, QT., Ball, P., 1999. Rapid transport of viruses in a floodplain aquifer. Water Res. 33 (10), 2229-2238]. However, the collision efficiency values calculated for Bacillus subtilis spores were unrealistic, suggesting that filtration theory is not appropriate for theoretically estimating filtration capacity for poorly sorted coarse gravel aquifer media. This is not surprising, as filtration theory was developed for uniform sand filters and does not consider particle size distribution. Thus, we do not recommend the use of filtration theory to estimate the filter factor or setback distances. Either of the methods applied in this work (BTC or concentration vs. distance analyses), which takes into account aquifer heterogeneities and site-specific conditions, appear to be most useful in determining filter factors and setback distances.     

保守性污染物风险水环境容量的随机估算模式研究

本文以对数正态分布理论为基础,建立了利用矩量近似法(Moment Approximation)与数值积分法(Numeral Interal Methed)计算风险水环境容量的随机估算模式,并由此提出了水质功能标准概率分布概念。风险水环境容量随机估算模式的提出拓展了水环境容量的概念与内函,为计算风险水环境容量开辟了新的途径。     

一株产微生物絮凝剂菌株的筛选及特性

从活性污泥及土壤中筛选出一株产絮凝剂的霉菌－黑曲霉，该菌所产絮凝剂对高岭土的絮凝活性可达90％以上，黑曲霉的培养实验表明，其适宜生长的碳源为葡萄糖或蔗糖，氮源为豆芽汁或马铃薯汁；适宜的初始pH值为6.0；生长与分泌絮凝剂的合适温度范围为30－34℃；受培养温度的影响，絮凝效果最好的时间在50－60h。絮凝实验表明，用培养液处理高岭土悬浊液时有明显的絮凝效果，当废水pH左右时，絮凝效果最好。     

流域水资源冲突管理研究

在流域水资源开发利用与保护过程中，上下游各地区间以及各部门间的利益冲突问题，严重制约着流域水资源可持续开发与利用。该文从流域水资源管理的实际问题出发，针对这些利益冲突问题，提出了建立在流域水资源集成管理与冲突分析理论基础上的流域水资源冲突管理的理论框架，以及基于互联网的流域水资源冲突管理的协同工作平台的新思路。流域水资源冲突管理是流域水资源管理的一种革新，它以集成管理为指导思想，冲突管理为手段，以解决传统流域水资源管理很难解决的各种冲突问题。流域水资源冲突管理春协同工作平台，是缓解上下游各地区间以及各部门间的利益冲突，实现流域水资源持续开发利用唯一题。流域水资源冲突管理及其协同工作平台，是缓解上下游各地区间以及各部门间的利益冲突，实现流域水资源持续开发利用唯一途径，它的实施与推广必将提高流域水资源管理的效率，推动我国流域水资源集成管理的发展过程，促进水资源可持续开发与利用。     

城市固体有机废弃物综合利用新工艺

提出了垃圾先热解再焚烧 ,并利用 3种典型的固体有机废弃物 (木类、纸张、塑料 )的热解物为原料制备中孔活性炭的垃圾综合利用新工艺 ,实验研究了活性炭孔结构形成、发展的影响因素。结果表明 ,以 3种废弃物热解物为原料完全可以制得中孔发达的活性炭     

微生物在环境保护中的应用现状及发展趋势

微生物在环境保护中起着非常重要 的作用。文章论述了微生物环境保护国内外应用现状，分析了未来发展趋势、 应用前景，最后对微生物资源的开发利用作了一些探讨。     

岳阳南湖水质变化趋势与保护措施研究

应用湖泊完全混合模型和狄龙模型，预测了岳阳经济技术开发区和南湖旅游度假区建成后对有水质的影响，结果表明南湖水质污染将会加剧。根据南湖污染源的情况，文中提出了相应的水质保护措施。     

我国城市生活污水排海构想及其研究

针对解决目前我国地面水污染问题，笔者运用经济学的分析方法，从对污水排海与二级处理后排江两种处理途径进行了比较。从两种途径的外部性、江河湖泊与海洋的自净化能力、污染以动度及两种途径所需的处理深度等方面论证了污水排海处理优于二级处理后排江。同时，在分析深圳近年来污水排海实践及国外经验的基础上，提出当前我国排海治污的战略构想，在对其所需投入进行测算后与二级处理后排江进行了比较，从理论上和现实分析上说明了污水排海是我国当前治污的更加合理的选择。     

生化需氧量智能生物检测仪在废水控制分析中的应用

为解决快速测量生化需氧量，生化需氧量智能生物检测仪对多种废水的实际测定表明，操作简单，测量周期为３０ｍｉｎ，精密度为±１０％左右，特别适用于污水处理中控制分析及批量样品的分析测定。