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961.
Lin Z Comet B Qvarfort U Herbert R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,89(3):303-309
Recently investigations have shown that the annual flux of lead from shotgun pellets to shooting range soils is significant in some countries. This paper presents the data of chemical and mineralogical analyses of soils and Pb-pellet crusts from five shooting ranges in Sweden and, based on these results, evaluates the retention of lead in these shooting range soils. In the soils, Pb-pellets and bullets are readily decomposed and transformed to crust materials composed of Pb-bearing minerals. The transformation products in the crust materials, identified by X-ray diffraction, are predominantly hydrocerussite [Pb(3)(CO(3))(2) (OH)(2)], associated with cerussite (PbCO(3)) and anglesite (PbSO(4)). In a period of 20-25 years, an average of 4.8% metallic lead in the pellets has been transformed to lead carbonate and lead sulphate, where the former is the more stable mineral in the surface environment. However, in soils relatively rich in humus an average of 15.6% metallic lead in the pellets was transformed to secondary lead compounds in the same period. The results of the chemical analyses indicate that Pb is rather immobile in the soil profile. The surficial horizon contains higher concentrations of lead (52-3400 mg kg(-1)), while lower concentrations of lead were found in the E and B horizons where the total Pb concentrations (8-37 mg kg(-1)) are within about one standard deviation of the mean reference sample concentration. An inverse relationship is revealed between the aluminium hydroxide content of the soil fraction and EDTA-extractable Pb, which suggests that these compounds have affected the retention of lead. 相似文献
962.
O.H. Manscher N.Z. Heidam J. Vikelse P. Nielsen P. Blinksbjerg H. Madsen L. Pallesen T.O. Tiernan 《Chemosphere》1990,20(10-12)
During the last two years an extensive series of dioxin measurements has been conducted on Danish municipal and hospital solid waste incinerators. The study was directed toward finding the total annual dioxin emissions from MSWI in Denmark, now estimated to be 3 kg. of dioxines and furanes. This sum is equivalent to 50 g. of 2,3,7,8-TCDD according to the Nordic Equivalents. Measurements were carried out according to a statistical design following a plan of pre-randomized sampling. This procedure allowed causal interpretation of the correlations found between the dioxin emissions and certain operating parameters. The statistical model obtained describes the emissions by variations between incinerators, by variation in time, and by changes in the load, the excess air and the HCl concentration in the flue gas. 相似文献
963.
Aifeng Zhai Xiaowen Ding Lin Liu Quan Zhu Guohe Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(3):46
964.
Productivity in Conservation Research in the Southern Hemisphere 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elissa Z. Cameron 《Conservation biology》2008,22(2):232-233
965.
松花江是中国有机污染危害严重的河流之一.松花江的主要环境问题是有机毒物造成的生态污染危害.松花江的环境污染特征是有机污染冰封期加重和点源污染突出.根据松花江的污染危害及特征提出了污染防治措施. 相似文献
966.
There are many watercraft and production accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) of the Yangtze River in China
every year. Accidents threaten the water quality of the 1085 km2 surface area of the TGRA and millions of local people if oil and
chemical leakage were to occur. A water pollution management system for emergency response (WPMS ER) was therefore designed
for the management of pollution in this area. An integrated geographic information system (GIS)-based water pollution management
information system for the TGRA, called WPMS ER TGRA, was developed in this study. ArcGIS engine was used as the system
development platform, and Visual Basic as the programming language. The models for hydraulic and water quality simulation and the
generation of body-fitted coordinates were developed and programmed as a dynamically linked library file using Visual Basic, and
they can be launched by other computer programs. Subsequently, the GIS-based information system was applied to the emergency
water pollution management of a shipwreck releasing 10 tons of phenol into the Yangtze River during two hours. The results showed
that WPMS ER TGRA can assist with emergency water pollution management and simulate the transfer and di usion of accidental
pollutants in the river. Furthermore, it can quickly identify the a ected area and how it will change over time within a few minutes of
an accident occurring. 相似文献
967.
968.
969.
E.S. Brooks S.M. Saia J. Boll L. Wetzel Z.M. Easton T.S. Steenhuis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(2):343-358
There is an increasing need for improved process‐based planning tools to assist watershed managers in the selection and placement of effective best management practices (BMPs). In this article, we present an approach, based on the Water Erosion Prediction Project model and a pesticide transport model, to identify dominant hydrologic flow paths and critical source areas for a variety of pollutant types. We use this approach to compare the relative impacts of BMPs on hydrology, erosion, sediment, and pollutant delivery within different landscapes. Specifically, we focus on using this approach to understand what factors promoted and/or hindered BMP effectiveness at three Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds: Paradise Creek Watershed in Idaho, Walnut Creek Watershed in Iowa, and Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed in Missouri. These watersheds were first broken down into unique land types based on soil and topographic characteristics. We used the model to assess BMP effectiveness in each of these land types. This simple process‐based modeling approach provided valuable insights that are not generally available to planners when selecting and locating BMPs and helped explain fundamental reasons why long‐term improvement in water quality of these three watersheds has yet to be completely realized. 相似文献
970.