全国大气背景地区黑碳浓度特征

分析了2015年14个背景站黑碳浓度水平及分布规律,结果表明:我国背景地区黑碳小时浓度均值呈现明显的对数正态分布特征,14个背景站880 nm波长时年均质量浓度为88.7~1 487.6 ng/m~3,小时最大峰值为685.0~13 731.0 ng/m~3,长岛和衡山相对较高;24 h日浓度变化基本呈现"单峰"状,但峰值出现时刻有所不同;工作日和周末的浓度变化趋势基本相似,但浓度高低与所在区域生产生活方式不同而有所差异。初步探讨了风速和风向与浓度污染水平的关系,相对风速而言,风向对黑碳的浓度影响较大,后向轨迹结果也印证了风向的影响。     

闭环电控三元催化技术对化油器型车辆排放的控制

针对城市汽车尾气治理及化油器型车辆的排放现状 ,指出开发和运用闭环电控三元催化技术是目前解决城市化油器型车辆排放问题及时可行的过渡措施 ,并对电控三元催化技术的应用提出了建议与要求。     

土壤中7种重金属和砷测定的精密度控制指标研究

通过对浙江省近700组实际土壤样品进行分析,研究了土壤中铜、铅、锌、铬、镍、镉、砷、汞7种重金属和砷测定的精密度控制指标(实验室内相对偏差和实验室间相对偏差),并与行业标准分析方法和文献进行了比较,旨在为环境监测质量控制与质量保证工作提供参考。经统计分析,建议实验室内相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤15%;铅,≤15%;锌,≤15%;铬,≤15%;镍,≤15%;镉,≤20%;砷,≤15%;汞,≤50%。建议实验室间相对偏差控制指标如下:铜,≤25%;铅,≤25%;锌,≤20%;铬,≤20%;镍,≤25%;镉,≤35%;砷,≤25%;汞,≤55%。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-induced decrease in nitrogen concentration in pore water and nitrogen leaching loss from red soil under simulated heavy rainfall

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) is generally colonized in plant roots and influences the migration of mineral elements such as nitrogen (N) in...     

近30年来长江口北支及口外沉积特征及输移趋势

近30 a来长江口北支在自然和人类活动影响下，沉积物特征及输移趋势发生显著变化。研究基于2015年和20世纪80年代沉积物粒度调查资料，通过粒度对比、趋势分析等方法，探讨长江口北支及口外沉积特征与输移趋势。结果表明：长江口北支及口外沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和砂为主，近30 a来平均中值粒径减小20%左右。其中，北支口内粒径减小约30%，表明北支口内整体为淤积环境；口外0~10 m水深区域粒径增加约25%，表现为风浪和潮流作用下的侵蚀特征；10 m水深外，粒径略有减小，沉积特征基本稳定。从沉积物输移趋势上看，北支崇头至灵甸港河段，沉积物较粗，以径流作用下的沉积为主；灵甸港至三条港河段，沉积物输移趋势向下指向三条港，其中灵甸港至三和港河段边滩粗、主槽细，径潮流交汇作用明显；三条港以下河段，沉积物以海域来沙为主，颗粒细，输移趋势指向上游；北支口外，0~10 m水深区域，沉积物粗化，沉积物随水深增加变细，其中0~2 m水深区域，砂含量占比超过90%；10 m以深离岸水域，沉积物输移趋势不显著。流域来沙减少和北支围垦工程建设，致使沿岸泥沙补给不足，口外浅滩泥沙在风浪和潮流作用下，一部分随涨潮流向口内输运，一部分随落潮流向外海扩散，构成北支及口外沉积物输移趋势格局。     

催化裂化废催化剂对废水中镉的吸附研究

本文以石油催化裂化废催化剂作为废水中镉的吸附剂，探讨了吸附时间、温度、ｐＨ值、吸附剂用量对吸附效果的影响。吸附平衡试验结果表明，废催化剂对镉的吸附属单分子层吸附，吸附较易进行，吸附过程可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模式和Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｃｈ模式较好地描述。     

室内装修造成的室内环境污染及其防治

介绍了室内环境污染的来源和建筑材料的污染性,分析了室内装修造成室内环境污染的各种因素,提出了解决问题的对策.大力推广提倡使用新型环保节能建材,对环保绿色建材的评选要本着对老百姓负责的态度严格要求,严格把关,让真正的绿色新型环保建材应用于室内装修.     

Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.     

日本治理“温室效应”研究现状

本文介绍了大气“温室效应”的污染现状，世界各国对治理大气“温室效应”的研究计划与进展，着重介绍了治理“温室效应”的最新技术──超高压脉冲电晕放电分解ＣＯ２技术。     

Spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of urban land expansion in China during the economic reform era

Along with its economic reform, China has experienced a rapid urbanization. This study mapped urban land expansion in China using high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper data of 1989/1990, 1995/1996 and 1999/2000 and analyzed its expansion modes and the driving forces underlying this process during 1990-2000. Our results show that China's urban land increased by 817 thousand hectares, of which 80.8% occurred during 1990-1995 and 19.2% during 1995-2000. It was also found that China's urban expansion had high spatial and temporal differences, such as four expansion modes, concentric, leapfrog, linear and multi-nuclei, and their combinations coexisted and expanded urban land area in the second 5 y was much less than that of the first 5 y. Case studies of the 13 mega cities showed that urban expansion had been largely driven by demographic change, economic growth, and changes in land use policies and regulations.