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291.
Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jianrong Zeng Guilin Zhang Liangman Bao Shilei Long Mingguang Tan Yan Li Chenyan M Yidong Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):605-612
Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment. 相似文献
292.
293.
The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of CeIV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards CeIV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce2O3 besides CeO2 were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by FeII in the GR occurred to hydrated CeIV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of CeIV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce. 相似文献
294.
WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明:根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1.74—2.49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。 相似文献
295.
以厨余垃圾和玉米秸秆作为堆肥原料,采用好氧堆肥的方法,探讨了不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度的影响。结果表明:从温度、pH、电导率(EC)、腐植酸光学特性(E4/E6)、固相C/N和发芽率指数(GI)来看,只有C/N为21(T4)的处理没有达到无害化和腐熟的要求,其余3个处理均达到腐熟;建议采用C/N为17的方案,厨余垃圾和秸秆按照湿基质量9∶1的比例进行堆肥;如果秸秆资源比较丰富,可采用C/N为19的方案,此时厨余垃圾和秸秆湿基比例为5.7∶1。 相似文献
296.
分析归纳了一些国家和地区个体风险和社会风险,首次提出以人群自然死亡率为基础,确定个体风险制定的基础,把化工企业个体风险分为三类,分别为单个或少量暴露人员场所、居住类高密度场所和特别敏感的目标对应的个体风险,与国家安全生产监督管理总局规定危险化学品重大危险源产生的个体风险基本吻合.采用ALARP原则,合理确定社会风险并划分为不可接受区、尽可能降低区和风险可容许区.风险标准值的制定为企业风险管理和风险决策提供更加有意义的参考,也为化工企业开展定量风险评估提供技术支撑. 相似文献
297.
东亚春季边界层臭氧的数值模拟研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
利用嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPMS)对2004年4月东亚边界层(距地面.km以下)臭氧进行了数值模拟.并评估了东亚边界层光化学反应的活性.结果表明.东亚春季臭氧呈带状分布,其高值.〔φ(O3)>55×10-9.主要集中在30°N~40°N.受东亚季风气候控制.沿蒙古、中国东北以及日本一线有一强臭氧输送通道.输送通量达3×10-.mol/(m2·s).通过计算边界层O3光化学净生成率可知.光化学影响主要集中在高污染源排放地区.其与水平输送对臭氧影响的分布具有负相关性.说明光化学生成的O3可被输送至下风地区,而不仅限于局地. 相似文献
298.
沙颍河流域行政单元的排污权初始分配研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
初始排污权的有效分配是排污权交易制度实施的基础,结合中国现行行政特征,以行政单元作为排污权初始分配主体开展排污权初始分配研究。具体是:以沙颍河流域为例,根据淮河水利委员会制定的沙颍河流域水功能区划及COD、氨氮限排总量要求,以COD、氨氮作为排污权初始分配的客体,通过等比例削减方法对沙颍河流域内的行政单元进行了排污权初始分配,得到了流域内各市县级行政单元的COD、氨氮初始排放权,并在此基础上从政策可行性、区域合作性及上下游城市的协调性等方面提出了开展排污权初始分配的若干建议。 相似文献
299.
Yitao Pan Xiaoyang Wang Leo W.Y. Yeung Nan Sheng Qianqian Cui Ruina Cui Hongxia Zhang Jiayin Dai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(11):14-23
Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates. 相似文献
300.