Water solubility enhancements of PAHs by sodium castor oil sulfonate microemulsions

Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene( Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly propertional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). ThelogKcm values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3.13, 4.44 and 5.01 respectively, which are about the same as the logKow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8.80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca^2 , Na^ , NH4^ and the mixture of Na^ , K^ , Ca^2 , Mg^2 and NH4^ . WSR values are enhanced by 22.0% for Naph,23.4% for Phen, and 24.6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5~C. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant-enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.     

Sustainable development pattern and the strategy in the three Gorges Reservoir Areas

The development pattern,development situation,and existing problems of land exploitation in Zigui County,Three Gorges Reservoir Areas of China were presented.The sustainable development mode and its strategy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas was also discussed.A sustainable development framework for low mountain regions,middle mountain regions and high mountain regions was developed,and management countermeasures for structural optimization of complex ecosystems were advanced.     

佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震“场兆”异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常“场兆”的趋势性变化具有一定的意义。     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（X）

卤素指周期表中第ⅦA族元素。由于卤素单质具有很高的化学活泼性，常常与活泼金属形成离子型盐，其中卤素是-1价阴离子。除氟外，卤素均显正氧化态（＋1，＋3，＋5，＋7），其化合物的键是极性共价键，其中最典型的是氯、溴、碘的含氧化合物和卤问化合物。在含氧化合物中常包含卤素与氧原子问的双键。     

洱海水质分析及综合评价

本文择取整理了１９８０－１９９０年洱海水质监测资料，选用ＰＨ值，溶解氧、ＢＯＤ５高锰酸盐指数、ＴＮ和ＴＰ６个项目，分析和综合评价洱海水质在枯，丰，平不同水文期的质量及变化规律。洱海水质在平水期属Ⅰ类，丰水期属Ⅱ类，枯水期属Ⅲ类。     

铝和铁共聚物的组成与结晶形貌

通过扫描电镜对铝，铁均聚物与共聚物样品的观察，不同Ａｌ／Ｆｅ的能谱点测定，其晶形貌象进行了比较，并探讨其共聚合作用的机理，为深入研究铝，铁无机共聚合物特性及絮凝效能提供了基础依据。     

废渣──Al(OH)_3凝胶再利用研究

研究了对处理铝材加工含Al3＋的酸性废液过程中产生的二次污染物Al（OH）3凝胶废渣的应用。含水分约90％、80％左右的Al（OH）3凝胶200g分别与14～16mL、22～24mL95％的工业浓硫酸酸反应，可制得浓度为20％～23％的Al（SO4）3溶液，经稀释可用作造纸原料。     

涕灭威在植物和土壤中的移动与分布

报道了涕灭威在花生、棉花、柑橘和土壤中的吸收、运转和分布。结果表明，涕灭威及其代谢物在柑橘叶子中的残留４０ｄ达到最高峰（３．４４９ｐｐｍ），可食部位的残留范围为０－０．０８９ｐｐｍ，低于美国ＥＰＡ规定的ＭＲＬ。涕灭威在土壤中降解较快，半衰期约１周。收获时土壤中的检出范围为０－０．１５７ｐｐｍ。涕灭威及其代谢物水溶性很强，且具有渗透和扩散性，因此使用不当可能造成地下水污染。     

随机模拟在常州运河水质规划中的应用

以常州运河的水质规划为实例,讨论了确定性水质模型的随机模拟。讨论中引进了主观概率和客观概率的概念,用泰勒级数确定客观概率分布,用可能最大机率法估计主观概率分布,并给出了在实施不同规划方案时的水质概率曲线和水质达标的保证率。计算结果表明,使水质恶化的各种随机因素的作用不容忽视,各种水污染治理措施只能降低水质超标的风险水平。     

小鼠微核试验检测大气颗粒物致突变性

以小鼠微核试验检测上海市有代表性的13个点大气颗粒物的致突变活性,结果表明,上海市大气颗粒物有机提取物能引起小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的升高,且有剂量-反应关系,而各采样点的致微核作用相似.