Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

区域环境质量综合评价的一种方法——Fuzzy概率法

本文应用Fuzzy概率原理,在对区域环境内各单项污染指标进行分级评价的基础上,考虑各单项污染指标在总体中的权重,并综合各单项污染指标的作用,给出区域环境内环境“总”质量的综合评价。     

金属对催化还原DDT的降解产物及其反应机制的研究

本报告介绍DDT经金属对处理后降解产物的分析鉴定和有关反应机制的初步研究。 降解产物主要是用气相色谱—质谱联用分析鉴定的。水溶液中的DDT用Cu-Zn金属对还原其降解产物经鉴定是DDD、DDMS、DDE_t,它们是DDT分子脱去烷基碳原子上不同数目的氯原子的产物。而在Cu-Fe金属对作用下,水溶液中的DDT的还原则是同时得到四种不同类型的产物。它们是DDT脱去烷基碳原子上的1个和3个氯原子的DDD和DDE_t;DDT脱氯、氧化产物DBP和DBH;DDT脱去HCI生成的DDE;两个DDT分子二聚脱氯的产物TTTB和TTDB。 实验证明金属对对DDT的作用是催化还原反应,金属对起着催化剂和还原剂双重作用。通过实验结果对DDT在金属对作用下的反应机制进行了初步探讨。     

Promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation by activated sludge under anoxic conditions

Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions. The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acclimated in the laboratory. Indole and pyridine were supplemented to the synthetic wastewater at different ratios. The optimum ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrate (C/N) was 8.4–8.9 for both denitrification and indole and pyridine degradation. At a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.0–7.5, the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was in the best state. The addition of pyridine could promote NRA and the degradation of indole. When the initial concentration of indole was 150 mg/L, the concentration ratio of indole to pyridine was in the range of 1–10. Under optimum C/N conditions, the degradation of indole could be described with pseudo-zero-order kinetics. There was no accumulation of nitrite during the reaction. When the concentration ratio of pyridine to indole was less than 0.25 with an increase in the pyridine proportion, there were more significant augment rates for NRA and the degradation of indole than the situation when the concentration ratio was more than 0.25. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 300–304 [译自: 环境科学]     

水霉科真菌在北京地区不同污染水体中的分布和数量变化

对北京地区水霉科真菌在不同污染水体中分布和数量变化的调查研究表明,水霉科游动孢子在水体中的数量随水体污染程度的变化而不同:一般在净水中较少,在轻度污染至中度污染的水体中明显增多,污染加重时逐渐下降,在重污染区明显减少,在近于毒污染的水体中则几乎绝迹.可见水霉科真菌在不同污染水体中的分布和数量变化具有一定的规律性,将其用作对水体进行综合评价的一项生物指标的可行性值得进一步研究.     

欧洲国家战略环境评价研究趋势

阐述了欧洲国家的SEA系统,实施领域,规定、导则和立法以及培训等.分析了欧洲国家研究与实施SEA的经验、挑战和障碍(1)方法、技术和程序;(2)规定、导则和立法;(3)体制、政治支持性与公众参与;(4)信息来源与研究资金;(5)检查监督和质量保证.指出了注重教育培训、建立宣传网络,加强SEA研究,重视信息数据库开发,拓宽SEA试点研究领域4个发展趋势.     

汕头港水域温排水热扩散的三维数值模拟

本文建立了汕头港水域温排水扩散的三维数学模型，并采用特征差分方法求其解，对该法在三维情况下的稳定作了推导，给出了判断公式，上述模型被应用于汕头热电厂废热水排放的环境影响评价中，实例计算表明，该模型算法程序简单，计算结果合理。     

Quantitative structure - activity study on the reductivedehalogenation potency of the halogenated aromatics

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均质滤料过滤截污模型研究

对均质滤料过滤进行了分析，采用毛细管模型研究过滤水流，给出毛细管中剪切应力的分布，通过毛细管中颗粒物的受力分析，求得颗粒与毛细管壁间的物理化学作用力。对颗粒在毛细管在毛细管中运动的受力平衡进行分析简化，得到了截污饮和时滤床中孔隙率的计算公式，由此可以计算出均质滤床的最大截污能力，即：清洁滤床的孔隙率与孢和孔隙率之差乘以滤床的体积。     

不同地域天然伊利石表面酸碱特性的比较

利用电位滴定技术和恒定容量表面络合模式表征不同来源天然伊利石的表面酸碱性质。鉴于固体基质在酸量滴定过程中发生溶解，相应的滴定上清液被视为体系空白。考虑到水解铝、硅酸和伊利石表面活性位之间的表面络合或沉淀反应，提出两种表面质子反应模型。对其中的特例，还考虑了表面离子交换反应。模拟程序的拟合结果显示两种模型对水解伊利石体系的滴定行为均可获得满意的描述。相的的表面固有酸度常数表明样品的酸碱性质之间存在一些共性。