大气环境下风电塔筒金属材料的应力腐蚀

塔筒金属材料在大气中的应力腐蚀会导致脆性断裂,从而对产生严重的后果。本文重点论述了应力腐蚀的几种腐蚀机理以及Cl-对应力腐蚀的影响,并介绍了应用较广的慢应力速率试验方法。     

秦皇岛森林可持续发展对策探讨

通过分析秦皇岛森林资源现状可知,秦皇岛森林资源开发利用过程中主要存在森林分布不均、质量较低、人工林保存率低、护林资金匮乏等问题,并针对这些问题提出了加强森林资源生态功能的宣传工作、健全法制、加大退耕还林力度、强化管理,增加投入等秦皇岛森林资源可持续发展的对策。     

Chlorophyll a Simulation in a Lake Ecosystem Using a Model with Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Accurate and reliable forecasting is important for the sustainable management of ecosystems. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) simulation and forecasting can provide early warning information and enable managers to make appropriate decisions for protecting lake ecosystems. In this study, we proposed a method for Chl a simulation in a lake that coupled the wavelet analysis and the artificial neural networks (WA–ANN). The proposed method had the advantage of data preprocessing, which reduced noise and managed nonstationary data. Fourteen variables were included in the developed and validated model, relating to hydrologic, ecological and meteorologic time series data from January 2000 to December 2009 at the Lake Baiyangdian study area, North China. The performance of the proposed WA–ANN model for monthly Chl a simulation in the lake ecosystem was compared with a multiple stepwise linear regression (MSLR) model, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a regular ANN model. The results showed that the WA-ANN model was suitable for Chl a simulation providing a more accurate performance than the MSLR, ARIMA, and ANN models. We recommend that the proposed method be widely applied to further facilitate the development and implementation of lake ecosystem management.     

Assessment of Vegetation Establishment on Tailings Dam at an Iron Ore Mining Site of Suburban Beijing, China, 7 Years After Reclamation with Contrasting Site Treatment Methods

Strip-mining operations greatly disturb soil, vegetation and landscape elements, causing many ecological and environmental problems. Establishment of vegetation is a critical step in achieving the goal of ecosystem restoration in mining areas. At the Shouyun Iron Ore Mine in suburban Beijing, China, we investigated selective vegetation and soil traits on a tailings dam 7 years after site treatments with three contrasting approaches: (1) soil covering (designated as SC), (2) application of a straw mat, known as “vegetation carpet”, which contains prescribed plant seed mix and water retaining agent (designated as VC), on top of sand piles, and (3) combination of soil covering and application of vegetation carpet (designated as SC+VC). We found that after 7 years of reclamation, the SC+VC site had twice the number of plant species and greater biomass than the SC and VC sites, and that the VC site had a comparable plant abundance with the SC+VC site but much less biodiversity and plant coverage. The VC site did not differ with the SC site in the vegetation traits, albeit low soil fertility. It is suggested that application of vegetation carpet can be an alternative to introduction of topsoil for treatment of tailings dam with fine-structured substrate of ore sands. However, combination of topsoil treatment and application of vegetation carpet greatly increases vegetation coverage and plant biodiversity, and is therefore a much better approach for assisting vegetation establishment on the tailings dam of strip-mining operations. While application of vegetation carpet helps to stabilize the loose surface of fine-structured mine wastes and to introduce seed bank, introduction of fertile soil is necessary for supplying nutrients to plant growth in the efforts of ecosystem restoration of mining areas.     

安全科学名词含义的研究方法及"安全"的含义解析

安全科学是发展中的学科,其科学名词含义争议较大,对安全实务构成较大影响,本文提出一种从国际标准化组织建立的开放浏览平台(OBP)上查阅、统计、分析安全学科名词含义的研究方法,并应用此方法分析得到"安全"含义.研究表明:安全科学中系统、组织、危险源、风险、安全等基本安全名词都已经有认可度非常高的定义,而事件、事故的定义不明确,需要重新明确;"安全是风险可接受的状态"是认可度很高的安全定义,但实用有难度,在明确定义事故的基础上,将"安全"表达为"没有事故的状态"则利于安全实务.因此,利用国际标准化组织的开放浏览平台研究安全科学名词的含义是一种可得到较高认可度的安全科学名词含义的研究方法.     

从粉煤灰中提取多种微细氧化物的研究

将粉煤灰与Na2CO3按一定的比例混合后焙烧,采用酸碱联合法提取粉煤灰中氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化铁,分析了工艺条件对粉煤灰中氧化物提取率的影响。实验结果表明,从粉煤灰中提取氧化物的最佳条件是:碳酸钠与粉煤灰的比例0.6∶1.0,焙烧温度850℃、盐酸浓度4 mol/L,氢氧化钠浓度2.6 mol/L,浸取时间约6 h。在此条件下得出微细氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铁的晶体,其平均粒度分别为氧化硅1.107μm,氧化铝1.334μm,氧化铁0.783μm。     

石油生物脱硫技术研究进展

生物脱硫技术由于具有条件温和、能耗低等优势受到人们关注。对生物脱硫新型微生物的筛选方向、生物脱硫技术中脱硫菌生长以及脱硫限制、传质限制等因素及其近期研究进展等方面进行了介绍,以期促进生物脱硫技术的研究深度。     

Effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the biodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene by Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03

Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03 is a promising bacterial strain for the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via a sulfurspecific pathway in which DBT is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP) as an end product. The effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the sulfur specific activity (SA) of DBT biodesulfurization by R. erythropolis USTB-03 were investigated. Both nicotinamide and riboflavin were found to enhance the expression of SA, which was not previously reported. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown on a medium containing nicotinamide of 10. 0 mmol or riboflavin of 50. 0 μnol, SA was raised from 68. 0 or so to more than 130 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown in the presence of both nicotinamide of 5. 0 mmol and riboflavin of 25. 0 μmol, SA was further increased to 159. 0 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). It is suggested that the biological synthesis of reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), an essential coenzyme for the activities of biodesulfurization enzyme Dsz C and A, might be enhanced by nicotinamide and riboflavin, which was responsible for the increased SA of R. erythropolis USTB-03.     

活性炭多维电极法处理活性染料模拟废水的机理研究

以活性嫩黄K-4G染料模拟废水为处理对象,探讨了多维电极系统处理活性染料废水时色度、COD降解的效果和机理。结果表明,活性炭多维电极法对染料废水的处理效果优于单纯电解法和单纯活性炭吸附法;氧化和还原作用对染料的色度和COD去除效果相差不大;增大处理系统中溶液的循环流量可显著改善活性炭多维电极系统对COD和色度的去除效果。     

Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化高效脱除沼气中H2S的研究

提出了Zn/Fe体系湿法催化氧化脱除沼气中H2S新工艺,阐述了反应机理、实验装置和工艺流程,考察了各单因素操作条件对H2S脱除效率的影响,在此基础上进行的综合条件实验,脱硫效率都维持在99.6%以上,净化后沼气中H2S含量低于国家标准。过程不消耗任何化工原料,不产生二次污染,体系无降解问题。