全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4534篇 |
免费 | 212篇 |
国内免费 | 1657篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 342篇 |
废物处理 | 292篇 |
环保管理 | 348篇 |
综合类 | 2492篇 |
基础理论 | 769篇 |
污染及防治 | 1619篇 |
评价与监测 | 161篇 |
社会与环境 | 155篇 |
灾害及防治 | 225篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 62篇 |
2022年 | 236篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 133篇 |
2019年 | 148篇 |
2018年 | 154篇 |
2017年 | 231篇 |
2016年 | 230篇 |
2015年 | 261篇 |
2014年 | 322篇 |
2013年 | 492篇 |
2012年 | 373篇 |
2011年 | 450篇 |
2010年 | 286篇 |
2009年 | 277篇 |
2008年 | 362篇 |
2007年 | 285篇 |
2006年 | 265篇 |
2005年 | 167篇 |
2004年 | 126篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 136篇 |
2001年 | 105篇 |
2000年 | 130篇 |
1999年 | 114篇 |
1998年 | 105篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 87篇 |
1995年 | 90篇 |
1994年 | 62篇 |
1993年 | 62篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6403条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
401.
有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs)逐渐替代了危害较大的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs),因此使得人类及其他生物更易暴露于这种有机物中。有研究表明,部分有机磷酸酯具有致癌性,因而使人们对其毒性的问题也日益关注。本文概述了有机磷阻燃剂的环境暴露水平,总结了近年来从体外与体内实验2个方面动物毒性效应的研究。目前研究发现诸多地区的大气、土壤和水体中的有机磷阻燃剂总含量水平相对较低;仅高浓度暴露才会对不同动物体造成一定程度的损伤,而远大于环境浓度的低浓度暴露几乎无损伤效应。最后,对有机磷阻燃剂毒性效应的未来研究重点进行了展望。 相似文献
402.
Yang-ying Zhao Fan-xin Kong Zhi Wang Hong-wei Yang Xiao-mao Wang Yuefeng F. Xie T. David Waite 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(6):20
This study was conducted to assess the merits and limitations of various high-pressure membranes, tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes in particular, for the removal of trace organic compounds (TrOCs). The performance of a low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane (ESPA1), a tight NF membrane (NF90) and two loose NF membranes (HL and NF270) was compared for the rejection of 23 different pharmaceuticals (PhACs). Efforts were also devoted to understand the effect of adsorption on the rejection performance of each membrane. Difference in hydrogen bond formation potential (HFP) was taken into consideration. Results showed that NF90 performed similarly to ESPA1 with mean rejection higher than 95%. NF270 outperformed HL in terms of both water permeability and PhAC rejection higher than 90%. Electrostatic effects were more significant in PhAC rejection by loose NF membranes than tight NF and LPRO membranes. The adverse effect of adsorption on rejection by HL and ESPA1 was more substantial than NF270 and NF90, which could not be simply explained by the difference in membrane surface hydrophobicity, selective layer thickness or pore size. The HL membrane had a lower rejection of PhACs of higher hydrophobicity (log D>0) and higher HFP (>0.02). Nevertheless, the effects of PhAC hydrophobicity and HFP on rejection by ESPA1 could not be discerned. Poor rejection of certain PhACs could generally be explained by aspects of steric hindrance, electrostatic interactions and adsorption. High-pressure membranes like NF90 and NF270 have a high promise in TrOC removal from contaminated water. 相似文献
403.
Weichao Ma Lei Zhao Huiling Liu Qianliang Liu Jun Ma 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2017,11(6):19
The relationship between the improvement of sludge dewaterability and variation of organic matters has been studied in the process of sludge pre-conditioning with modified cinder, especially for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the sludge. During the conditioning process, the decreases of total organic carbon (TOC) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were obviously in the supernatant especially for the acid modified cinder (ACMC), which could be attributed to the processes of adsorption and sweeping. The reduction of polysaccharide and protein in supernatant indicated that ACMC might adsorb EPS so that the tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) decreased in sludge. In the case of ACMC addition with 24 g·L–1, SRF of the sludge decreased from 7.85 × 1012 m·kg–1 to 2.06 × 1012 m·kg–1, and the filter cake moisture decreased from 85% to 60%. The reconstruction of “floc mass” was confirmed as the main sludge conditioning mechanism. ACMC promoted the dewatering performance through the charge neutralization and adsorption bridging with the negative EPS, and provided firm and dense structure for sludge floc as skeleton builder. The passages for water quick transmitting were built to avoid collapsing during the high-pressure process.
相似文献
404.
Xinmou Wu Minqing Liang Zhao Yang Min Su Bin Yang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24201-24206
Increasingly, epidemiological evidences indicate chemosynthetic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmental pollutant, induces potential adverse effect on human health after long-term exposure. However, less study has been performed for assessment of acute effect of PFOA exposure on metabolic homeostasis. In experimental designs, PFOA-exposed liver cells in vivo and in vitro were used to discuss underlying mechanism related to PFOA-induced metabolic dysfunction. In serological tests, PFOA-exposed mice showed increased treads of liver functional enzymes in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (T-BIL), trypsinase, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin, while blood glucose, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucagon levels were reduced. In histocytological observations, PFOA-exposed liver showed visible cytoplasmic vesicles, and intact pancreatic islets were observed in PFOA-exposed pancreas. Additionally, increased insulin-positive cells and reduced glucagon-positive cells were detected in PFOA-exposed islets. As shown in immunoassays, PFOA-exposed liver resulted in elevations of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36)-labeled cells and CD36 protein. In mouse liver cell study, PFOA-exposed cells showed increased cell apoptotic count, and increased phosphorylated levels of Bcl-2 and Bad in the cells. Furthermore, PFOA-exposed liver cells exhibited elevations of CD36-labeled cells and CD36 protein. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that acute exposure to PFOA-impaired liver function is associated with inducting CD36 expression and apoptosis, as well as disrupting key hormones in the pancreas. 相似文献
405.
Xinwen Dong Yunbo Zhang Jin Dong Yue Zhao Jipeng Guo Zhanju Wang Mingqi Liu Xiaolin Na Cheng Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16659-16672
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical. 相似文献
406.
Xingjuan Zhao Bo Gao Dongyu Xu Li Gao Shuhua Yin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20844-20858
The Three Gorges Dam in China is the world’s largest dam. Upon its completion in 2003, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) became the largest reservoir in China and plays an important role in economic development and national drinking water safety. However, as a sink and source of heavy metals, there is a lack of continuous and comparative data on heavy metal pollution in sediments. This study reviewed all available literatures published on heavy metals in TGR sediments and further provided a comprehensive assessment of the pollution tendency of these heavy metals. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in TGR sediments varied spatially and temporally. Temporal variations indicated that Hg in tributaries, as well as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the mainstream, exhibited a higher probability to exceed background values after the impoundment of TGR. Pollution assessments by contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, and potential ecological risk were similar. High Cd and Hg concentrations in both the mainstream and tributaries are a cause for much concern. However, sediment quality guidelines produced different results, as most previous studies adopted different sampling and measurement strategies. The data inconsistencies and lack of continuity regarding the reservoir confirm the need for a continuous monitoring network and the development of quality criteria relevant to the sediments of the TGR in the future. 相似文献
407.
Mi Xiao Wang Mingju Zhou Fengyi Chai Xiaoqi Wang Weiqiang Zhang Feifei Meng Shanru Shang Yaqing Zhao Weigao Li Guoting 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):17127-17135
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Composite adsorbents usually outperform single component adsorbents as they could combine the properties and advantages of each component. In this... 相似文献
408.
Shen Yanru Zhao Wenyan Zhang Chunling Shan Yujie Shi Junxian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):14337-14345
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Streptomycin used in human and veterinary medicine is released into the environment mainly through excretions. As such, its elimination in water... 相似文献
409.
Factors influencing farmers’ decisions on nitrogen fertilizer application in the Liangzihu Lake basin,Central China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Jin Zhang Günther Manske Pi Qi Zhou Bernhard Tischbein Mathias Becker Zhao Hua Li 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(3):791-805
Overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture activities has caused severe water pollution in China. The lack of data at producer level hampers decision makers in the development and implementation of efficient policies to curb excessive N-fertilizer use. In a survey of 300 farm households in the Liangzihu Lake basin, we identified factors associated with farmers’ decisions on N-fertilizer use and application rate. Household survey and multiple linear regression models indicate that the average application rate in the study region is 229 kg N ha?1, which exceeds the recommended rate for maximum profit for cereal crops (maize, wheat, and rice) in China of 150–180 kg N ha?1. High N-application rates are associated with low farmland productivity (coefficient = ?15.66, p = 0.02), a high share of off-farm income (coefficient = 27.14, p = 0.003), and a low education level of the household head (coefficient = ?10.83, p = 0.039). Neither physical infrastructure nor access to input markets appears to be related to N-application rates. It may be concluded that excessive use of N in agriculture of Central China is mainly a problem of insufficient awareness and high share of off-farm income. 相似文献
410.
The level of genetic diversity of 13 Chinese populations of S. rostratum was investigated using nine microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity of the Weisanlu population in Hebei province was the highest and the Hohhot population was the lowest. The genetic differentiation among the populations was highly significant (P < 0.001). A total of 68.54% of the total genetic variation of population was within populations, and the genetic variation between populations accounted for 31.46%. The long-distance dispersal of its seeds by human transport mainly resulted in the rapid dispersal of S. rostratum in China. 相似文献