公路环境评价发展现状及对策初探

“八五”、“九五”期间，中国公路建设事业得到了迅速的发展，与此同时公路建设项目的环境影响评价也得到了相应的发展，初步形成了一套较为完善的环境评价体系，但同时也存在着法规，技术、规范体系比较落后，评价仅局限在环境影响评价层次，人员素质不高等问题，因此需从完善公路环境评价体系，完善公路环境法规及技术规范体系，积极探索新技术与新方法，加强佬培训等方面进一步完善公路环境评价。     

过氧化氢催化氧化难降解废水的研究

文章以过氧化氢为氧化剂,以γ-Al2O3为载体采用浸渍法制得不同金属含量的九种催化剂进行催化氧化实验,并优选出以5.0%Co、2.5?(质量百分含量)催化剂CODcr去除率较好,并确定此催化剂在常温常压下,反应时间为30 min,pH=6,氧化剂用量为30g/L时,CODcr的去除率最高为83%,这样不仅提高了BOD5/CODcr值,而且有利于后续生化处理,减轻后续处理装置负荷.     

Concept of common interests of mankind in the global environmental protection

The concept of common interests of mankind in the environmental protec-tion spurred -by the internationalized and globalized environmental problems are discussed in this paper. While making challenges for many principles and rules of international law and the traditional conception of national security, the concept does play its role in strengthening the environmental protection. However, it cannot be neglected that diflerent national interests pose an obstacle to the realization of the common interests of mankind in the envirormental protection. The article concludes that whether the concept plays its greater role in the environmental protection will depend on many factors, such as the spread of environmental awareness, the revision of the traditional conception and the balanced development of the world economy.     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

载La(Ⅲ)-和Fe(Ⅲ)-氨基膦酸型螯合树脂对氟吸附性能的比较

研究并比较了载La（Ⅲ）和载Fe（Ⅲ）大孔氨基膦酸型螯合树脂对饮用水中氟离子的吸附特性。氟在载La（Ⅲ）和载Fe（Ⅲ）的螯合树脂上的吸附不随pH的变化而改变,载金属螯合树脂对氟的饱和吸附容量分别为3.78、3.55mg/g,吸附方式符合Freundlich吸附等温式,代表性竞争离子不影响氟在螯合树脂上的吸附。结果表明载Fe（Ⅲ）和载La（Ⅲ）的螯合树脂是一种有前景的饮水氟去除吸附剂。     

二级出水中磷的混凝处理研究

以北京市某污水处理厂的二级出水中总磷为去除对象,通过混凝的静态烧杯实验[1],确定了二级出水除磷效果较好的絮凝剂聚合氯化铁(PFC)[2]和Al2(SO4)3[3]混合使用的最佳投药量,使出水中磷(TP)符合再生水水质标准的要求.絮凝剂组合时静态混凝烧杯实验表明:PFC-Al2(SO4)3体积比1∶1时,最佳投药量离子浓度比为:Fe3 /Al3 ∶9.9/7(mg·L-1),此时TP去除率为93%,浊度去除率为33%.PFC-Al2(SO4)3体积比1:2时,最佳投药量离子浓度比为:Fe3 /Al3 ∶4.95/7(mg·L-1),此时TP去除率为88%,浊度去除率为71%.     

处理含油废水絮凝剂最佳配方的筛选

针对含油废水，选择合适种类的絮凝剂，通过评价絮凝剂的除油效果，筛选出适合处理石油化工行业含油废水的絮凝剂最佳配方．其主要特点是投加量少、除油效果好、价格适宜。     

乡镇企业环境保护工作初探

近年来，乡镇企业蓬勃发展的趋势要求我们必须重视其环境保护工作．笔者通过联系当地的实际情况力图阐明自己对于如何搞好乡镇企业环境保护工作的一些观点。     

基于GIS的海洋环境质量评价图编制

本文介绍了采用地理信息系统技术制作海洋环境质量评价图的基本内容，重点阐述了图件的表现形式、编制过程和具体的操作方法，为海洋环境质量评价图的制作提供了一种新的方法。     

草履虫──针杆藻群落对混合印染废水净化作用的条件实验

本文对混合印染废水的静态净化过程，进行了生物群落观察和条件实验。发现废水净化初期以大量细菌和草履虫（以 Ｐ． Ｃａｕｄａｔｕｍ为主）繁殖为特征，同时伴生着少量浮游藻类。随着净化过程的进行，细菌和草履虫数量下降，以针杆藻（以 Ｓ． ａｕｃｓ为主）为建群种的浮游藻类群落占优势。化学分析表明，净化作用与温度、光照条件及废水起始浓度有关。