The functionality of female reciprocal calls in the Iberian midwife toad (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alytes cisternasii</Emphasis>): female-female acoustic competition?

Female midwife toads (genus Alytes) emit highly variable reciprocal calls of unclear function prior to and during courtship. In some species, female-female competition, expressed as physical fighting, has been reported. Males of Majorcan midwife toads (Alytes muletensis) show phonotactic response to female calls, and females of Iberian midwife toads (Alytes cisternasii) respond differently according to the male call characteristics. In this study, I test the hypothesis of female-female acoustic competition as an additional function of female reciprocal calls. Playback tests indicate that female calls are not clearly involved in female acoustic competition in the Iberian midwife toad, therefore female calls could be directed at males rather than towards competitive females.     

两相UASB反应器处理木薯淀粉废水的启动运行特性研究

采用两段UASB厌氧反应器为主体的工艺处理木薯淀粉废水，在温度为20℃左右，进水为CODcr6000-8000mg／L反应条件下二次启动，经过33d的运行，两段厌氧处理CODcr去除率累计达85％以上，出水CODcr为400-800mg／L。实验结果表明，甲烷段是整个反应器启动的控制阶段，只要控制好各反应器的运行参数，便能很好达到两相分离的目的。     

医院传染病污水处理技术探讨

以杭州市第六人民医院的污水处理设施为例，阐述了医院传染病污水处理技术的基本思路，并进而探讨了其消毒参数选择和处理的经济性，总结了还存在的问题及解决途径。     

Gamergates in the myrmicine genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metapone</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

Gamergates (i.e. mated reproductive workers) are mostly known from ant species within the Ponerinae. We report here the discovery of gamergates in two species of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Until now, mated reproductive females in colonies of myrmicine species have been considered morphologically distinct from the worker caste. However, in two species of the myrmicine Metapone (Metapone madagascarica and a newly discovered, not yet described Metapone species) all workers have six ovarioles and a spermatheca; and some of them are mated. There are no morphological differences between mated and non-mated workers. Field observations and laboratory studies indicate that colonies of the Metapone species can reproduce with gamergates only.     

Vocal acrobatics in a Chinese frog, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amolops tormotus</Emphasis>

Although amphibians are highly vocal, they generally emit only a limited number of acoustic communication signals. We report here the extraordinarily rich vocal repertoire of Amolops tormotus, a ranid species in China. These frogs produce countless vocalizations, some of which share features of birdsong or primate calls, e.g., ultrasonic frequency components, multiple upward and downward FM sweeps, and sudden onset and offset of selective harmonic components within a call note. Frame-by-frame video analysis of the frog's calling behavior suggests the presence of two pairs of vocal sacs that may contribute to the remarkable call-note complexity in this species. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0335-x.     

黑龙江省土地沙漠化控制作用重要性评价

根据黑龙江省沙漠化现状和评价方法与指标对黑龙江省的生态系统进行沙漠化控制作用重要性评价,评价结果将黑龙江省沙漠化控制重要地区分为4级,即极重要、中等重要、比较重要和一般重要四个级别,确定了它们的分布区域.这一成果为黑龙江省生态功能区划和区域可持续发展奠定了基础,提供了科学依据.     

Inventory of emissions from major air pollutant categories in Turkey

In this study, an inventory of air pollutant emission estimates from major air polluting sources in Turkey for period between 1985 and 2005 with 5-year intervals were estimated. Inventory covers anthropogenic sources of five major air pollutants of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Their break-down with respect to main activity sectors were shown and their distribution by the largest industrial source categories were worked out as annual estimates. This inventory and its analysis point to serious environmental implications of air pollutants and a need to develop a policy plan for reducing these emissions.     

敖汉旗生态示范区调查研究对固阳县生态建设的启迪

通过参观学习提高自身认识，拓思路，产生构想，为做好本职工作奠定了基础，增强了信心。     

Practical environmental monitoring of major construction projects

Independent teams undertook environmental monitoring of particular concentrations of major construction projects forming part of Hong Kong’s U.S. $20 billion airport infrastructure programme located in dense urban areas. The team combination of environmental specialists with experienced civil engineers enabled pragmatic mitigation measures to be developed and accepted by the construction personnel with the result that potentially significant adverse impacts were averted. The authors discuss the mechanism and success of this innovative approach.     

黑龙江省生物多样性保护重要性评价

根据黑龙江省生物多样性现状和国家规定的评价方法与指标对黑龙江省的生态系统进行生物多样性保护重要性评价,评价结果将黑龙江省生物多样性保护重要地区分为4级,即极重要、中等重要、比较重要和一般重要四个级别,并确定了它们的分布区域.这一成果为黑龙江省生态功能区划奠定了基础,提供了科学依据.