全球气候变化下中国农业生产潜力的空间演变

农业生产潜力对区域农业发展和农业产业投资与布局等具有重要影响。然而,当前的研究较少探讨1980年代以来我国区域农业生产潜力空间演变特征,以及就未来气候变化对中国区域农业生产潜力所产生的可能影响也还较少关注。为此,论文对1980年代以来中国区域农业生产潜力的空间演变特征进行了分析,并就未来气候变化对中国区域农业生产潜力的可能影响做出了估计,研究发现：1961—2012年中国农业生产潜力的地理分异特征异常显著,其中东南较高,西北相对较低,同时呈现出较为明显的纬度地带性规律。1980年代以来我国农业生产潜力减少的区域主要是集中在胡焕庸线以东的地区,其中四川盆地和华北平原中部等地区的农业生产潜力减少最为明显,约在4%以上,而水分有效系数的下降是其农业生产潜力减少的主要因素,农业生产潜力增加的地区则主要位于长江中下游和华北平原南部等地。在当前的全球变化趋势下,模拟得到,2041—2060年我国农业生产潜力减少的区域可能主要位于长江以南以及青海中部地区,其中四川盆地和湖北中南部等地的农业生产潜力下降趋势最为明显,因而这也可能会给这些地区的平均粮食产量带来一定程度的下降。     

Responses of soil ammonia oxidizers to a short-term severe mercury stress

The responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) to mercury(Hg) stress were investigated through a short-term incubation experiment.Treated with four different concentrations of Hg(CK,Hg25,Hg50,and Hg100,denoting 0,25,50,and 100 mg Hg/kg dry soil,respectively),samples were harvested after 3,7,and 28 day incubation.Results showed that the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was significantly inhibited by Hg stress during the incubation.However,lower abundances of AOA(the highest in CK: 9.20 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil) and AOB(the highest in CK: 2.68 × 10~7 copies/g dry soil; the lowest in Hg50:7.49 × 10~6 copies/g dry soil) were observed only at day 28 of incubation(P 0.05).Moreover,only the community structure of soil AOB obviously shifted under Hg stress as seen through DGGE profiles,which revealed that 2–3 distinct AOB bands emerged in the Hg treatments at day 28.In summary,soil PNR might be a very useful parameter to assess acute Hg stress on soil ecosystems,and the community structure of soil AOB might be a realistic biological indicator for the assessment of heavy metal stress on soil ecosystems in the future.     

Effect of aeration rate on composting of penicillin mycelial dreg

Pilot scale experiments with forced aeration were conducted to estimate effects of aeration rates on the performance of composting penicillin mycelial dreg using sewage sludge as inoculation. Three aeration rates of 0.15, 0.50 and 0.90 L/(min·kg) organic matter(OM) were examined. The principal physicochemical parameters were monitored during the 32 day composting period. Results showed that the higher aeration rate of 0.90 L/(min·kg) did not corresponded to a longer thermophilic duration and higher rates of OM degradation;but the lower aeration rate of 0.15 L/(min·kg) did induce an accumulation of NH+4-N contents due to the inhibition of nitrification. On the other hand, aeration rate has little effect on degradation of penicillin. The results show that the longest phase of thermophilic temperatures ≥ 55°C, the maximum NO-3-N content and seed germination, and the minimum C/N ratio were obtained with 0.50 L/(min·kg) OM. Therefore, aeration rates of0.50 L/(min·kg) OM can be recommended for composting penicillin mycelial dreg.     

城市户外热环境的舒适性研究

介绍了户外热环境舒适性评价的几种方法，提出了户外热环境舒适评价指标OTCD，指出了在室内OTCD能与PMV很好吻合，并且OTCD的各项参数便于测量。     

粉煤灰预处理及其对染料单体脱色效果的研究

介绍了一种粉煤灰预处理的方法-用8mol/L的H2SO4处理，可较好地改善其表面状况，并用预处理后的粉煤灰对染料单体进行脱色试验，寻找了最佳的处理方案，脱色效果较好，建立了Langmuir吸附等温模型。探讨了其脱色机理，为实际开发利用粉煤灰处理印染废水提供基础研究。     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

弧焊机器人用数控焊接变位机的研制

依据现有进口弧焊机器人的技术特点和工作要求 ,研制了与之配套的数控焊接变位机。该机工作台可进行旋转和倾斜两个运动 ,可使工件在最佳的位置进行焊接 ,与弧焊机器人一起构成了柔性加工单元。在实际焊接应用中 ,效果良好     

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

Heavy metals in water bodies purified by suspended substrate of rivers

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