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231.
XM Zheng HL Liu W Shi S Wei JP Giesy HX Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2498-2505
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products and frequently detected in many environmental media. Potential reproductive effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) have been reported in mice, rats and water birds. PFOS and PFOA were also confirmed developing toxicants towards zebrafish embryos; however, the reported effect concentrations were contradictory. Polyfluorinated alkylated phosphate ester surfactants (including FC807) are precursor of PFOS and PFOA; however, there is no published information about the effects of FC807 and PFNA on zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of these four PFCs on zebrafish embryos. Normal fertilized zebrafish embryos were selected to be exposed to several concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFOS or FC807 in 24-well cell culture plates. A digital camera was used to image morphological anomalies of embryos with a stereomicroscope. Embryos were observed through matching up to 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) and rates of survival and abnormalities recorded. PFCs caused lethality in a concentration-dependent manner with potential toxicity in the order of PFOS > FC807 > PFNA > PFOA based on 72-h LC(50). Forty-eight-hour post-fertilization pericardial edema and 72- or 96-hpf spine crooked malformation were all observed. PFOA, PFNA, PFOS and FC807 all caused structural abnormalities using early stages of development of zebrafish. The PFCs all retarded the development of zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of the PFCs was related to the length of the PFC chain and functional groups. 相似文献
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Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in the atmosphere and tree bark from Beijing, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Air samples in four seasons at one site and tree bark samples from four districts were determined to investigate seasonal variation and regional distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in Beijing, China. The total concentrations of PBDEs (∑PBDE) and HBCD (∑HBCD) were in the range of 57-470 and 20-1800 pg m−3 in the atmosphere, respectively. The ∑PBDE and ∑HBCD concentrations were significantly influenced by the total suspended particulate matter in atmosphere. The total concentrations of PBDEs and HBCD in tree bark samples were in the range of 99-3700 and 26-3400 ng g−1 lipid weight. It was found that regional distribution of PBDEs and HBCD was related to the function of each district. In addition, the study found that weeping willow bark was an ideal atmospheric PBDEs and HBCD passive sampler. Finally, atmospheric levels of BDE-209 and HBCD at tree bark sampling districts were estimated via applying an established bark/air partitioning model, which had been verified by the measured concentrations in tree bark and atmosphere in Beijing. 相似文献
234.
Several classes of oxidative enzymes have shown promise for efficient removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are resistant to conventional wastewater treatments. Although the kinetics of reactions between individual EDCs and selected oxidative enzymes are well documented in the literature, there has been little investigation of reactions with EDC mixtures. This makes it impossible to predict how enzyme-mediated treatment systems will perform since wastewater effluents generally contain multiple EDCs. This paper reports pseudo-first order rate constants for a model oxidative enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), during single-substrate (k1) and mixed-substrate (k1-MIX) reactions. Measured values are compared with literature values of three Michaelis-Menten parameters: half-saturation constant (KM), enzyme turnover number (kCAT), and the ratio kCAT/KM. Published reports had suggested that each of these could be correlated with HRP reactivity towards EDCs in mixtures, and empirical results from this study show that KM can be used to predict the sequence of EDC removal reactions within a particular mixture. We also observed that k1-MIX values were generally greater than k1 values and that compounds exhibiting greatest estrogenic toxicities reacted most rapidly in a given mixture. Finally, because KM may be tedious to measure for every EDC of interest, we have constructed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict these values. This model predicts KM quite accurately (R2 = 89%) based on two molecular characteristics: molecular volume and hydration energy. Its accuracy makes this QSAR a useful tool for predicting which EDCs will be removed most efficiently during enzyme treatment of EDC mixtures. 相似文献
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污泥吸附剂对3种染料吸附动力学的研究 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
以污水厂脱水污泥、锯末和焦油的混合物为原料,选择ZnCl2为活化剂制备出过渡孔发达、强度大的污泥吸附剂(S-AC)。借助BET、FT-IR等现代分析测试方法对污泥吸附剂进行表征,同时,研究了吸附剂对酸性大红、中性红和碱性品红吸附动力学行为。结果表明,制得的污泥吸附剂BET比表面积为358 m2/g,强度大于89%。吸附剂的动力学数据均符合伪二阶动力学方程、液膜扩散方程和颗粒内扩散方程,其中液膜扩散为吸附剂对酸性大红吸附过程的主控步骤,颗粒内扩散为吸附剂对中性红和碱性品红吸附过程的主控步骤。 相似文献
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铁炭微电解法预处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
超高盐榨菜腌制废水是高盐、高氮磷及高有机物废水,目前常采用生物方法进行处理,但因高污染物浓度及高盐度影响,处理效果不够理想;因此,选用铁炭微电解法对超高盐榨菜腌制废水进行预处理。通过静态烧杯实验,研究了反应时间、初始pH、铁炭体积比和铁水体积比对COD和氨氮去除率的影响。单因素实验的最佳处理条件:原水pH4~4.5,反应时间为30min,铁炭体积比为1:1,铁水体积比为2:1,出水COD和氨氮的去除率分别为57.29%和53.11%,盐度由原水的6.62%下降为3.63%,去除率达45.17%,pH由原水4.01升高为6.38。正交实验结果表明,影响COD和氨氮去除率的因素从大到小的顺序为:铁水体积比、初始pH、反应时间、铁炭体积比。实验表明,采用铁炭微电解法能够对超高盐榨菜腌制废水中的COD和氨氮进行有效去除,出水的pH升高和盐度下降,能满足后续生物处理的预处理要求。 相似文献