Inter-annual and intra-annual variations in water quality and its response to water-level fluctuations in a river-connected lake,Dongting Lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The hydrological conditions of river-connected lakes are complex primarily owing to their considerable water-level fluctuations (WLFs). Water quality...     

Detoxifying PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in fly ash from medical waste incinerators with a DC double arc plasma torch

Medical waste incinerator (MWI) fly ash is regarded as a highly toxic waste because it contains high concentrations of heavy metals anddioxins, including polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinateddibenzofurans (PCDFs). Therefore fly ash from MWI must be appropriately treated before beingdischarged into the environment. A melting process based on adirect current thermal plasma torch has beendeveloped to convert MWI fly ash into harmless slag. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in fly ash and vitrified slag were investigated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, while the content of PCDD/Fs in the fly ashes and slags was measured using method 1613 of the US EPA. The experimental results show that thedecomposition rate of PCDD/Fs is over 99% in toxic equivalent quantity value and the leaching of heavy metals in the slag significantlydecreases after the plasma melting process. The produced slag has a compact and homogeneous microstructure withdensity of up to2.8 g/cm3 .     

土壤中砷的化学平衡

本文比较详细地综述了砷的化学特性,环境背景值及来源和循环,土壤中砷的三大化学平衡即沉淀溶解平衡,氧化还原平衡,吸附解吸平衡,以及微生物对砷的转化。     

Assessment of toxicity of heavy metal contaminated soils by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils near a lead–zinc mine located in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, China, were determined and their toxicity was assessed using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The TCLP method is a currently recognized international method for evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soils. The available levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd were 8.2–36, 23–143, 6.4–1367 and 0.41–2.2 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, while the international standards were 15, 25, 5 and 0.5 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Soils around the mine were more polluted with Zn and Pb, followed by Cd and Cu. Moreover, the levels of heavy metals in the soils extracted by TCLP indicated that extraction fluid 2 was more effective than extraction fluid 1 in extracting the heavy metals from the polluted soils and there was a positive correlation between fluids 1 and 2. Available heavy metal contents determined by TCLP were correlated with soil total heavy metal contents.     

土壤中锌的化学平衡

本文详细综述了锌的化学特性，环境背景值及来源和循环，土壤中锌的三大化学平衡：沉淀溶解平衡，络合解离平衡，吸附解吸平衡。     

Adsorption characteristic of bensulfuron-methyl at variable added Pb2+ concentrations on paddy soils

The combined pollution of heavy metal Pb2+ and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM), originating from chemical herbicides, in agro- ecological environments has become commonplace in southern China. The adsorption of BSM on three paddy soils in the presence of Pb2+ was examined using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Results indicated that adsorption of BSM could accurately be described by a Freundlich isotherm equation with correlation constant (R) > 0.98, irrespective of the presence of spiked Pb2+. Of the...     

pH对镉在土水系统中的迁移和形态的影响

研究了４种红壤和水体系中ＰＨ对镉的迁移影响，结果表明：镉在土水体系中的迁移是一快反就过程，４种土壤对镉的吸附量随土水系统中ＰＨ的变化，可分为３个区域，即低吸附量区、中等吸附区，以及强吸附和沉淀区。     

pH对镉在土水系统中的迁移和形态的影响

研究了４种红壤和水体系中ｐＨ对镉的迁移影响．结果表明：镉在土水体系中的迁移是一快反应过程，４种土壤对镉的吸附量随土水系统中ｐＨ的变化，可分为３个区域，即低吸附量区、中等吸附区，以及强吸附和沉淀区，在中等吸附区镉吸附量与ｐＨ呈正相关；ｐＨ６以下被吸附的镉中生物有效态镉量随ｐＨ的升高而增加，ｐＨ６以上被吸附的镉中生物有效态镉量随ｐＨ升高而降低．石灰导致镉毒性降低的主要原因是ｐＨ＞７５时镉主要以粘土矿物和氧化物结合态及残留态形式存在．     

土壤中不同粘粒矿物在高温下释放氟污染物的研究

研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、水铝英石、蛭石和针铁矿在高温下释放氟污染物的特征.结果表明:高温下氟化物从这些矿物中的逸出率不仅随矿物种类而变化,而且与烧成温度、比表面积、矿物结构水含量的变化以及高温加热时间密切相关.蒙脱石的晶格瓦解温度比高岭石的滞后,可能是不同高温下蒙脱石氟化物逸出比高岭石滞后的原因之一.含钙化合物能降低氟从蒙脱石中的逸出率.以CaCO₃处理蒙脱石为例,800℃时,氟化物逸出率比对照降低了59.6%,800℃时,5种含钙物质的固氟能力的大小顺序为:CaCO₃＞CaO＞Ca₃(PO₄)₂＞Ca(OH)₂＞CaSO₄.     

混合表面活性剂对植物吸收有机氯农药的影响

以水培体系模拟研究了阴-非离子混合表面活性剂SDBS-TX100对黑麦草吸收有机氯农药（OCPs）p,p＇-DDT和γ-HCH的影响.结果发现,在SDBS与TX100物质的量比（以下简称＂配比＂）为0：10,1：9,5：5,9：1时,能促进黑麦草吸收积累OCPs.SDBS-TX100增强黑麦草吸收OCPs的程度与混合表...