Joint anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker

This work evaluated the joint anti-estrogenic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) against 17beta-estradiol (E2) in juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures. The level of vitellogenin (VTG) as a biomarker was determined by exposing hepatocytes to individual E2, PCP and TCDD, as well as to E2 in the presence of PCP, TCDD or their mixtures of various concentrations. PCP and TCDD did not exhibit estrogenicity. Both chemicals reduced the estrogenicity of E2, indicating the anti-estrogenic effects of PCP and TCDD. Their anti-estrogenic EC(50) values were calculated. The joint anti-estrogenic effects against E2 increased with increasing the PCP-to-TCDD ratio of mixture. Marking's indices were <0, suggesting an antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects between PCP and TCDD. The anti-estrogenic effects of PCP appeared to result primarily from the competitive binding to estrogen receptor. While TCDD may undergo an indirect binding process for its anti-estrogenic effects, the accurate mechanisms remain to be understood. The observed antagonism in anti-estrogenic effects resulted apparently from the mutual inhibition by PCP and TCDD.     

基于遥感影像的1992—2002年昆明市城区扩张及驱动力分析

以TM＼ETM＋遥感影像为数据源,利用ERDAS软件经过几何校正、图像增强等处理,得到比较清晰的昆明市的遥感影像,再对其进行非监督分类,得到昆明市土地利用分类图,在土地利用分类图的基础上进行二值化处理。提取出1992年和2002昆明市主城区图,并把二者叠加,生成1992年-2002年昆明市城区城市扩张图。通过计算得出：1992年面积约为193．16km^2,同样可计算出2002年面积为258．09km^2,以年平均增长率为3．36％的速度迅速扩展,建成区扩展弹性系数为0．85,处于相对协调期,但要略低于合理值。扩展方向主要为以老城区为核心向东南、西南和东北三个方向呈“星形”扩展。通过综合分析影响昆明市扩展的各种因素发现：自然因素、交通因素是城市扩展的条件和基础,社会经济是城市扩展的内在推动力,规划、政策等对扩展起引导作用。     

流域水生态功能分区与质量目标管理技术研究的若干问题

制定中国的水生态功能分区方案、提出流域水环境质量目标管理技术体系是解决中国流域污染控制的重大科技需求,不仅可以提升我国水污染控制的科技水平,而且对于我国流域水生态安全保障具有现实意义.本文对水生态功能分区与质量目标管理的意义、概念、研究现状以及未来发展趋势进行了研究.阐述了流域水生态功能分区与质量目标管理技术研究的迫切...     

铬(Ⅵ)老化对赤子爱胜蚓抗氧化酶活性的影响

为评估土壤Cr(Ⅵ)老化的生态风险,设计未老化和老化人工土壤组,研究Cr(Ⅵ)对赤子爱胜蚓体内SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和POD(过氧化物酶)活性的影响.结果表明:在未老化土壤中,30 mg/kg(低浓度)、60 mg/kg(中浓度)和90 mg/kg(高浓度)Cr(Ⅵ)对赤子爱胜蚓抗氧化酶系统产生了显著的影响,在暴露的前14 d,赤子爱胜蚓体内SOD和CAT活性均随土壤中w〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕的升高而降低(暴露第3天,低浓度组除外),高浓度组与对照组相比降低了约60%;在暴露的第14天~第21天,SOD和CAT活性均显著升高,但POD的活性一直处于抑制状态.在老化28 d的人工土壤中,暴露第1天,CAT和POD活性均显著升高,随着暴露时间的延长,其酶活性均受到显著抑制;但蚯蚓体内SOD活性在整个试验过程中均未受显著影响.Cr(Ⅵ)对赤子爱胜蚓体内3种抗氧化酶活性的影响在未老化和老化土壤中有很大差异,这种差异影响到对土壤Cr(Ⅵ)污染的毒性评估.因此,进行Cr(Ⅵ)毒性试验时应考虑其在土壤中的老化作用.     

芳烃类有机物结构与活性相关的模式参数研究

从理论上探讨有机物生物活性效应的相关模式,选用７种典型分子表征参数,对４７种芳香烃类有机物的大型蚤毒效应进行相关分析,结果表明,芳烃类有机物分子对生物活性的影响为：疏／亲水性＞电性效应＞空间效应,实验给出了多元优化回归方程。     

Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake, China

The concentrations of four perfluorinated sulfonate acids (PFSAs) and 10 perfluorinated carboxylate acids (PFCAs) were measured in water and sediment samples from Liao River and Taihu Lake, China. In the water samples from Taihu Lake, PFOA and PFOS were the most detected perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); in Liao River, PFHxS was the predominant PFC followed by PFOA, while PFOS was only detected in two of the samples. This suggests that different PFC products are used in the two regions. PFOS and PFOA in both watersheds are at similar level as in the rivers of Japan, but significantly lower than in Great Lakes. The contributions of PFOS and long chain PFCAs in sediments were much higher than in water samples of both watersheds, indicating preferential partition of these PFCs in sediment. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were three orders of magnitude of lower than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the same sediments. The average sediment-water partition coefficients (log K_oc) of PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA were determined to be 2.16, 2.88 and 2.28 respectively.     

太湖TCIPP和TCEP的人体健康水质基准及风险评估

有机磷酸酯作为溴代阻燃剂的替代物,在各种环境介质及生物体中不断被检出,因其可能具有生殖毒性、内分泌干扰效应和致癌性等效应,受到人们的广泛关注.本文以太湖流域为研究对象,选择两种典型有机磷酸酯磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCIPP)和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP),开展人体健康水质基准研究.基于太湖流域的人群暴露参数和...