Phytostabilization potential of evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) for copper-contaminated sites

A field investigation, field experiment, and hydroponic experiment were conducted to evaluate feasibility of using Oenothera glazioviana for phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soil. In semiarid mine tailings in Tongling, Anhui, China, O. glazioviana, a copper excluder, was a dominant species in the community, with a low bioaccumulation factor, the lowest copper translocation factor, and the lowest copper content in seed (8 mg kg^?1). When O. glazioviana was planted in copper-polluted farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, its growth and development improved and the level of γ-linolenic acid in seeds reached 17.1 %, compared with 8.73 % in mine tailings. A hydroponic study showed that O. glazioviana had high tolerance to copper, low upward transportation capacity of copper, and a high γ-linolenic acid content. Therefore, it has great potential for the phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soils and a high commercial value without risk to human health.     

EDDS and EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of metals from artificially contaminated soil and residual effects of chelant compounds

The potential of 18 different plants to be used in the chemically enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd was assessed using pot experiments. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. was the species most sensitive to the application of EDTA, and had the highest enhancement of Cu and Pb concentrations in its shoots. Compared with EDTA, EDDS was more effective in enhancing the concentration of Cu in the shoots of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Zea mays L. grown on multi-metal contaminated soils. The EDTA-treated soil still had a significant ability to enhance the concentrations of Cu and Pb in the shoots of Zea mays L. six months after the chelant treatment. However, the EDDS-treated soil did not have any effect in enhancing the concentrations of metals in the shoots of Zea mays L. in the second crop test. The results may indicate that EDDS biodegrades more rapidly than EDTA in soil and is better in limiting potential metal leaching.     

Investigation on the urea deposit formation and thermal decomposition characteristics in the SCR aftertreatment system of a diesel engine

Selective catalytic reduction is the most efficient and reliable equipment for NOx control in current diesel engines. However, the issue of urea crystallization becomes increasingly serious with the implement of the new emissions standards. In this paper, urea deposit samples collected from engine test bed and tube furnace were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform-infrared analysis to aid the comprehension of urea deposit formation. Moreover, thermogravimetric tests were conducted to disclose the effects of catalyst on the thermal decomposition processes of urea deposit. The results indicated that less temperature resistant species are formed in the engine test bed than in the tube furnace at conditions with the same temperatures. The main compositions in the World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) urea deposits are urea, cyanuric acid (CYA) and ammelide, implying that accelerating the decomposition of these species could prevent the accumulation of urea deposit. CuWTi, Cuβ and CuZSM catalysts could lead to increased yield of CYA during pure urea thermolysis. Cuβ, CuWTi and VWTi catalysts tend to promote the thermolysis of CYA while VWTi has the most significant catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of ammelide and ammeline.     

易燃易爆工艺管线焊接缺陷安全评定——上海石化总厂工艺管线的安全评定及其缺陷的返修技术

本文以断裂力学为基础,以“合乎使用”为原则并依据流变应力理论,通过有效地解决无损检测,应力分析、缺陷分类及验收准则等方面所遇到的若干技术问题,对管道焊接缺陷进行了安全评定,正确地区分了严重缺陷和非严重缺陷,从而对评定管道焊接缺陷的严重性提出了一种既安全可靠又经济合理的工程处理法。这一方法已被成功地用于上海石化总厂,对其部分在役易燃易爆工艺管线进行了安全评定并解决了超标焊接缺陷的修复问题。     

温度、pH值及盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅的影响

以龙须眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)干样为材料,研究了不同温度、pH值和盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅离子的影响.结果表明,不同温度及不同pH值下龙须眼子菜对镉吸附符合Langmuir模型,对铅的吸附符合Freundlich模型.与5 ℃、10 ℃、30 ℃处理相比,20 ℃时龙须眼子菜对镉、铅的吸附能力较强.当其它条件不变时,在pH值为3～7的范围内,龙须眼子菜对镉的吸附随pH值升高而增加,对铅的吸附随pH值升高而减少.在0.5～10 g·L-1的盐度范围内,随着溶液盐度的增加龙须眼子菜对镉吸附减少,但对铅的吸附却增加.龙须眼子菜是一种对镉、铅有很强的吸附能力的沉水植物,对温度、酸碱度、盐度适应范围也很广,因而可作为生物吸附剂用于含镉、含铅废水的处理.     

4种茄科植物对矿区污染土壤重金属的吸收和富集

采集了湖南及江苏8个矿区或冶炼厂周边4种茄科(Solanaceae)植物及其根际土壤,分析了植物及土壤样品中Cd、Cu、Pb、Mn和Zn 5种重金属浓度.结果表明:番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)对5种重金属可能有着较强的耐性,但不具有超积累的潜力;刺天茄(Solanum indicum)对Mn、...     

Changes of landscape pattern and its influence on environment in Dongling District,Shenyang City, China

ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｐａｔｔｅｒｎａｎｄｉｔｓｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎＤｏｎｇｌｉｎｇＤｉｓｔｒｉｃｔ，ＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇＣｉｔｙ，Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＺｈａｏＹｉ；ＬｉｕＺｈｅｎｇｕｏ；ＸｕＬａｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

扬州市区饮用水水源地潜在危险性及应急处置研究

回顾了全国环境污染及生态破坏方面的事故,及近几年来扬州市的水环境污染事故。介绍了扬州市区饮用水水源地的基本情况,指出了扬州市区饮用水水源地存在的潜在危险主要是突发性船舶污染和上游来水污染,进一步加强突发性污染事故的预防,分别针对固定风险污染源及不定风险污染源,提出了相应的应急处置措施,建立健全应急反应体系,提高了扬州市区事故处理的应变能力,有效地预防了突发性水污染事故对扬州市区饮用水水源地的影响。     

Foliar application of several reagents reduces Cd concentration in wheat grains

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be absorbed by wheat and transferred into the grains, risking human health. In order to find the optimal foliar...     

生物体中四乙基铅的测定高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法

本文建立了生物体中四乙基铅分析的快速样品前处理方法,采用高效液相色谱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定,为生物体中四乙基铅的测定提供了一种快速、准确、灵敏的分析方法。