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461.
Shunjiang Li Wei Li Xia Hu Linsheng Yang Ruodeng Xirao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(1):62-68
In order to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of Kashin-Back disease (KBD) and Se concentrations, natural
soil samples and cultivated soil samples were collected from southeastern Tibet, China; and the soil Se concentrations were
measured by atomic fluorescent spectrophotometer. It was found that the mean Se concentrations of natural soil samples in
KBD areas, from the first layer to the third layer, were 0.17 mg/kg, 0.11 mg/kg, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, and in nondisease
areas were 0.21 mg/kg, 0.24 mg/kg, and 0.13mg/kg, respectively. The mean Se concentrations of cultivated soil samples were
0.10 mg/kg in KBD areas and 0.23 mg/kg in non-disease areas, respectively. Soil Se concentrations in KBD areas were lower
than that in non-disease areas, and the mean concentrations of soil Se in Tibet were lower than the average of China (0.29
mg/kg). Therefore, there is a close relationship between soil Se concentrations and KBD in Tibet. More studies should be concentrated
on the impacts of Se deficiency in soils and its relationship with Se concentrations in food-grain and the human body in Tibet
areas. 相似文献
462.
Guangxue Wu Zhenhu Hu Mark G. Healy Xinmin Zhan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(3):300-306
Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the
solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C)
and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio
was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the
increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH4) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding
CH4 production process. However, CH4 production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH4 production potential was in the range of 389 to 503 mL CH4/g VS MBM and 464 to 555 mL CH4/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. 相似文献
463.
微电解技术预处理印染废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
印染废水因污染物浓度高、色度大、可生化性差成为难处理的工业废水。本文采用微电解-生化工艺对印染废水进行工程实验,微电解预处理使废水中的COD大幅去除,并显著提高其可生化性;色度问题也得到了有效解决。工程实验结果表明,微电解-生化工艺处理效果好、出水水质稳定、运行费用低,处理后废水能达标排放。 相似文献
464.
465.
移民与生态环境问题是丹江口水库水位抬高所面临的主要问题。移民问题是水位抬高首当其冲需要解决的难题,存在政策法规、移民资金、安置措施、脱贫致富等问题,需要以市场为导向,综合考虑诸多因素,制定可行的移民规划,确保移民的稳定和发展。生态环境问题是非常艰巨的问题,水土流失严重、污染源与污染总量日益增加、水质下降、支流库湾富营养化进程加剧等问题将困扰水库的运行与管理,后靠移民的生产生活也在一定程度上对生态环境产生影响;建议成立专门的监管机构,全方位开展水源地保护工作,确保水库水质安全和南水北调中线工程战略目标的实现。 相似文献
466.
467.
468.
Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial
functional diversity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity. 相似文献
469.
The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography
(UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix
interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five
water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68
to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during
the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment. 相似文献
470.
Zongming Wang Kaishan Song Bai Zhang Dianwei Liu Chunying Ren Ling Luo Ting Yang Ni Huang Liangjun Hu Haijun Yang Zhiming Liu 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,129(1-3):315-324
In the past century, especially the past five decades, the grasslands of the West Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were rapidly converted into croplands and salinized wasteland, and experienced a fragmentation process that is still ongoing. Almost no information is available on the spatial-temporal changes of grasslands in this area. In this study, grassland cover change, agricultural reclamation and salinized wasteland expansion were investigated during the past five decades. Grassland fragmentation was studied based on four landscape metrics. The grassland cover change was detected from a time series of topographic maps from 1954, satellite images of Landsat TM in 1986, 1995, and 2000 using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). In addition, the land use changes were analyzed using a transition matrix of land use types, while the driving forces were explored according to climatic changes and socioeconomic developments. The results indicated a significant decrease in grassland area. Of the 1 418 945 ha of native grassland in 1954, approximately 64% was removed by 2000, while the number of patches (NP) increased from 865 to 2035 and the mean patch size (MPS) decreased from 1640 ha to 252 ha. During the whole study period, the average annual decrease rate of grassland was 34 894 ha/year. Cropland and salinized wasteland were the two main land use types into which grassland converted. During the past decades, obvious climatic changes occurred, which supplied a favorable potential environment for agricultural development but damaged grassland productivity. On the other hand, population, GDP and livestock number increased significantly as grassland quality decreased. According to the results, the shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands may well be explained by socioeconomic development and aided by changing climatic conditions. 相似文献