认清形势落实责任将环保专项行动引向深入

国家环保总局、国家发改委、监察部、司法部、国家工商总局、国家安全生产监督管理总局于6月10日联合召开“全国整治违法排污企业保障群众健康环保专项行动”电视电话会议,贯彻落实国务院办公厅《关于深入开展整治违法排污企业保障群众健康环保专项行动的通知》,全面启动全国环保专项行动。国家发改委、监察部、司法部、国家工商总局、国家安全生产监管总局的有关领导参加会议并讲话。国家环保总局局长解振华发表《认清形势落实责任将环保专项行动引向深入》的讲话,并代表国务院6部门对深入开展环保专项行动进行了动员和部署。     

"十一五"生态保护工作思路与重点任务

2005年6月28日至29日，国家环保总局在北京召开了2005年全国自然生态保护工作会议。这次会议是在“十五”即将结束，“十一五”规划全面编制的关键时期召开的，会议主要是总结交流各地自然生态保护工作经验和部署近期自然生态保护工作。会议由国家环保总局自然生态司司长万本太主持，总局局长解振华、副局长张力军出席会议并分别在开幕式和闭幕式上做了重要讲话，本刊选编了解振华局长在开幕式上讲话的主要内容在此发表，以指导当前的生态保护工作。     

萃取－同步荧光光谱法测定大气飘尘中苯并（a）芘

提出用浓Ｈ２ＳＯ４从大气飘尘样品的环己烧提取液中一次萃取后，用同步荧光光谱测定苯并（ａ）芘的方法。选用△λ为２０ｎｍ时可获最佳效果，用浓硫酸萃取的时间仅１ｍｉｎ，苯并（ａ）芘在浓硫酸相中１ｈ内稳定，样品加标的回收率为８５％，其它多环芳烃化合物在５３０—６００ｎｍ的测定波长范围不干扰苯并（ａ）芘的测定。用乙酰化滤纸层析－荧光分光光度的统一方法作为对比对实际样品进行了测定，结果与后者的偏差在±１５％以内，分析周期可缩短２４ｈ。     

铁屑微电解法处理农药废水的研究

铁屑微电解法能有效去除农药 (三唑磷、田安、杀虫双和单杀虫 )生产废水中的CODCr、色度、As、氨氮、有机磷和总磷。去除率分别可达 76 .2 %、80 %、6 9.2 %、5 5 .7%、82 .7%和 6 2 .8% ;与铁盐混凝法相比 ,微电解法能更有效地去除污染物 ,提高废水的可生化性     

二氧化硫亚慢性染毒对大鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤

为了探讨低浓度SO2长期暴露对哺乳动物肺细胞DNA的影响,采用动式吸入法(SO2浓度为28mg/m3)对Wistar大鼠染毒30d,运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)研究了SO2亚慢性染毒对大鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤作用.结果表明,SO2可引起雌、雄性大鼠肺细胞核DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01),且SO2对雄性小鼠肺细胞DNA损伤比雌性小鼠严重;经染毒后,与对照组相比,大鼠的体重减轻,肺体比增加.这些结果表明,较低浓度的SO2也具有引起哺乳动物肺细胞DNA突变的潜在危险.表3参15     

稠油联合站污水辐流式沉降罐的技术改造

稠油联合站污水辐流式沉降罐存在着技术问题，作者对沉降罐实施以下技术改造措施：油水隔板由２ｍ延长到３ｍ，油水分离室有效沉降容积由１２７ｍ３扩大到１９０ｍ３，油水分离沉降时间由２ｈ延长到３．０２ｈ，增设水力集砂、冲砂、洗砂装置等。使罐的出口水含油率由改造前的１３６５ｍｇ／Ｌ降到改造后的２４５ｍｇ／Ｌ，并且有可能将罐内沉积的油砂及时收集，同时即刻排入罐外的洗砂池内。凡经洗砂池清洗过的油砂含油量均低于０．１％。罐内清砂周期也因此由６个月延长到２４个月，大大降低了油、气、砂对清砂工人的危害，同时也改善了稠油油区的环境，取得了可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

Effects of tetrahydrofuran on dissolved oxygen,pH, culturable aerobic microbes and enzyme activity in wastewater

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is easy to volatilize and hard to biodegrade. Little is known about the influence and fate of tetrahydrofuran in the environment. The effects of THF were examined on dissolved oxygen, pH, culturable aerobic microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi) and four selected enzymes (protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase) in wastewater. The wastewater containing some activated sludge was taken from the aeration basin in Sibao sewage plant in Hangzhou, China. THF at lower concentrations of enhanced aerobic respiration and higher concentrations decreased utilization of oxygen in wastewater. The short-term influence of THF on pH was not obvious, but the long-term effect was apparent. Inhibition of THF on culturable aerobic microbes rose with increasing THF concentrations but decreased with prolongation of incubation time. No effect of THF on the activity of protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase was found. Data indicate that lower concentrations of THF exert no marked influence on wastewater in an urban sewage plant.     

Optimization of extractants, purifying packings, and eluents for analytical extraction of organochlorine pesticides in Hydragric Acrisols

In this study, we screened for an economic, rapid, and efficient hypotoxic pretreatment method for organochlorine pesticides in soil samples for gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The analytical extraction efficiencies of 11 different extractants, nine types of solid-phase purification (SPP) cartridge packings, and three types of eluents for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in spiked and natural Chinese red soil (Hydragric Acrisols) were evaluated using an ultrasonic extraction and solid-phase purification method. High percent recoveries (85-106%) were obtained for the 13 organochlorine pesticides in soil when petroleum ether/acetone/water (10:5:2, v/v) was used an extractant. They were purified using celite SPP cartridge packing and eluted with 9 mL of dichloromethane/petroleum ether (1:9, v/v). The OCPs purification pretreatment of Hydragric Acrisols, using the above method, meets the GC analysis requirements. Compared with other traditional pretreatment methods for OCPs in soil samples, this method has several advantages, such as a short extraction time, reducing the amount of solvent, having no emulsion phenomenon, and hypotoxicity to the laboratory technicians. The concentrations of 1,1,1,-trichloro-2(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDTs; 3.42-8.08 ng g(-1)) in field soils were higher than the hexachlorocyclohexane concentration (2.94-6.12 ng g(-1)). The 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE)?+?1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDD)/p,p'-DDT ratio in this field soil was approximately 2.7, suggesting that no new DDT pollution source was introduced into the sampling site.     

Biological effects of citalopram in a suspended sediment-water system on Daphnia magna

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Suspended sediment (SPS) plays an important role in the aquatic ecosystems. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used...     

Application of canonical correspondence analysis to determine the ecological contribution of phytoplankton to PCBs bioaccumulation in Qinhuai River,Nanjing, China

The distribution and interactions of phytoplankton and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis in autumn in the Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. Concentrations of PCBs in water and algal samples ranged from 33.78 to 144.84 ng/L and from 0.21 to 19.66 ng/L (0.06 to 3.04 ng/mg biomass), respectively. The predominant residual species of PCBs in water samples were tri- through hexachlorobiphenyls, and the predominant residuals in algae were tri-, tetra-, and heptachlorobiphenyls. The degree of eutrophication affected phytoplankton composition and PCB bioaccumulation, and led to sample site- and algal species specificity of PCB residues in the study area. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta had strong capacities to take up PCBs, whereas Cyanophyta was less involved in the transfer of these compounds. Bioaccumulation of PCBs by algae may be affected by water quality, chlorination, phytoplankton composition, and the structure of the PCBs and the algal cell walls.