中国环境保护工作1999年取得的进展

本文为解振华局长在2000年全国环境保护工作会议上所作的题为《振奋精神团结拼搏为全面实现“九五”环境目标而努力奋斗》报告的第一部分。这次会议是在千年之交的特殊历史时刻 ,特别是实现“九五”环保目标的关键时期召开的。会议的主要任务是 :认真学习贯彻党的十五届四中全会中央经济工作会议精神 ,总结交流经验 ,部署实现“九五”环境目标的任务 ,研究“十五”工作思路 ,为开创21世纪环保工作新局面做好准备。     

江苏省环境保护工作调研报告

编者按 2000年4月中旬,解振华局长率部分机关干部赴江苏省调查环境保护情况.调研组与江苏省和镇江、无锡、张家港、常熟、苏州、连云港、淮阴、宿迁等城市的党政领导及环保局干部职工分别进行了座谈,实地考察了一些工厂和乡村,目睹了江苏省在改革和创新的实践中,脚踏实地为"构筑环境优势,赢得发展先机"探索和建立的工作机制和经验.在经过认真总结和分析之后,提出向江苏学习,并用六个字来概括,即;高、变、全、实、准、新.本刊全文发表这篇调研报告,供读者学习、借鉴.     

湖南省几种主要菜园土铅的化学行为及其作物效应的初步研究

温度、ｐＨ、有机质及不同价态阳离子对铅吸持－解吸量有明显的影响．土壤中的铅在低浓度范围内（红茶园土为１００μｇ／ｇ，石灰性菜园土为５００μｇ／ｇ）对小白菜生长有刺激作用，超过一定浓度（红菜园土为≥５００μｇ／ｇ，石灰性莱园土为≥１００μｇ／ｇ）则有抑制作用．小白莱的含铅量随土壤铅浓度的增加而增加，两者呈极显著正相关．三种改良剂对铅污染土壤有明显的改良效果，其中以猪粪、石灰两种改良剂的效果为好，钙镁磷肥次之．     

蓝宝石热处理的现状及前景

本文根据蓝宝石的致色机理 ,总结了蓝宝石热处理的模式及影响因素 ,给出了现行蓝宝石热处理的实例 ,结合国内经济发展状况对蓝宝石热处理的发展前景作了展望 ,并根据相关学科的发展提出了一些建议及设想。     

覆盖与种植对滨海盐土生态环境及大麦产量的影响

研究了江苏省沿海地区覆盖与种植对轻度盐渍化土的水分、盐分、温度、养分等生态环境以及覆盖对大麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：春旱季节，覆盖可以减少土壤水分蒸发，抑制盐分表聚，降低土壤溶液浓度和土表温度，增加土壤有效养分，种大麦后由于植株的蒸腾作用，使土壤水分降低，但土壤盐分和溶液浓度仍低于裸地。盆栽试验结果还显示，覆盖种麦有效地促进了大麦生长发育，显著地提高了大麦产量。     

Endemic Arsenosis Caused by Indoor Combustion of High-As Coal in Guizhou Province, P.R. China

The arsenic (As) content of coal relating with mineralization of gold in Southwest Guizhou Province, China is up to 35,000 ppm. The coal is burned indoors in open pits for daily cooking and crop drying. As a result, arsenic is precipitated and concentrated in corn (5–20 ppm), chili (100–800 ppm) and other foods. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water of high-As coal areas are lower than 50 ppb. The estimated main sources of As exposure in this area are from polluted food. Approximately, 3000 arsenosis patients were found by 1998, and more than 100,000 people from six counties were under the threat in China. This paper presents the major ingestion pathway of this type arsenosis and relative geochemistry of high-As coal. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 40133010).     

Gaseous emissions from compressed natural gas buses in urban road and highway tests in China

The natural gas vehicle market is rapidly developing throughout the world, and the majority of such vehicles operate on compressed natural gas(CNG). However, most studies on the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles rely on laboratory chassis dynamometer measurements, which do not accurately represent actual road driving conditions. To further investigate the emission characteristics of CNG vehicles, two CNG city buses and two CNG coaches were tested on public urban roads and highway sections. Our results show that when speeds of 0–10 km/hr were increased to 10–20 km/hr, the CO_2, CO, nitrogen oxide(NO_x), and total hydrocarbon(THC) emission factors decreased by(71.6 ± 4.3)%,(65.6 ± 9.5)%,(64.9 ± 9.2)% and(67.8 ± 0.3)%, respectively. In this study, The Beijing city buses with stricter emission standards(Euro Ⅳ) did not have lower emission factors than the Chongqing coaches with Euro Ⅱ emission standards. Both the higher emission factors at 0–10 km/hr speeds and the higher percentage of driving in the low-speed regime during the entire road cycle may have contributed to the higher CO_2 and CO emission factors of these city buses. Additionally, compared with the emission factors produced in the urban road tests, the CO emission factors of the CNG buses in highway tests decreased the most(by 83.2%), followed by the THC emission factors, which decreased by 67.1%.     

The effect of organic solvent washing on the structure of hydrochar-based dissolved organic matters and its potential environmental toxicity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increased interest in the practical use of hydrochar, concerns about the possible environmental biotoxicity of hydrochar and its released...     

Regeneration of nano-ZnO photocatalyst by the means of soft-mechanochemical ion exchange method

Nano-crystalline ZnO particles synthesized via an ion exchange method were used in a methyl-orange photocatalytic degradation process. An ion exchange resin mixed bed system was used in the suspension for separation of nano-ZnO and methyl-orange after photocatalysis reaction. Ion exchange resin, photocatalyst and water were mixed evenly by airflow. Nano-ZnO photocatalyst and soluble carboxyl zinc were gathered in the soft-mechanochemical process simultaneously. Ion exchange reaction ZnO photocatalyst and counterion transfer process on resin were all improved. Byproducts and other inorganic ions were transfered into resin phase. Nano-ZnO photocatalyst can be regenerated and reused.     

活性炭复合床层对动活性的影响试验

本文通过对KZ1床层、KZ2床层、KZ1和KZ2复合床层在不同床层厚度条件下,对氯化氰蒸气的动活性进行对比试验,并对试验结果进行分析,得出了后者并非前两者之和,而有了大幅提高的结论。