推行低碳经济提倡低碳生活

<正>推行低碳经济二氧化碳在常温、常压下是一种无色无味的气体,也是最主要的温室气体。目前,通常所指的温室气体主要是二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮、氢氟碳化物、全氟化碳、六氟化硫。其中二氧化碳的增温效应占76.7%,而且"生命"顽强,一旦排放到     

江河突发性水污染事故动态模拟与预警——以长江武汉段为例

近年来，频繁发生的突发性水污染给各地水源地安全造成巨大威胁，能够对事故进行模拟预警和快速响应显得日益重要。针对突发性水污染的特点，采用贴体正交网格对河道进行空间离散化，采用平面二维瞬时排放水质数学模型与GIS 集成，基于GIS的可视化功能实现了长江武汉段突发性水污染事故的动态模拟和水源地污染物浓度超标预警。模拟结果表明，该方法有效预测了长江上突发性事故排放形成的污染带的在江内的时空迁移状况，为武汉长江段水环境保护和突发性污染事故的处理提供有力的决策支持     

水电建设区的生态环境监测与评价——以向家坝水电站为例

水电工程的建设对区域环境会产生不可逆转的重大扰动,生态环境监测与预警作为大型水电工程建设的重要环节,为工程区域环境问题分析与研究提供详实的数据支撑,对区域生态环境的修复至关重要。以向家坝水电站为例,分析水电工程建设对区域环境产生扰动的特点,结合产生扰动的各环境要素,构建工程施工区环境监测体系。收集、整理相关监测数据,采用环境因子综合评价法对监测的相关数据进行分析和评价,结合各种环境因子的现状以及变化过程、总结区域环境总体状况的变化规律及空间分布。结果表明：自2007年工程大规模动工以来,区域的生态脆弱度大幅度升高,2008年达到顶峰,自2009年起环境开始改善,保持优于2007、2008年的状况;最脆弱区域为主体工程和云天化生产区交接地区,低度脆弱区域为河流及工程量少的加工工程区域;工程扰动最大的区域、当地工业区及交通枢纽集中地带是建设区环境最脆弱的区域,工程建设、工业及交通是建设区的主要扰动因素     

Optimal Land Use Management for Soil Erosion Control by Using an Interval-Parameter Fuzzy Two-Stage Stochastic Programming Approach

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental and public health problems, and such land degradation can be effectively mitigated through performing land use transitions across a watershed. Optimal land use management can thus provide a way to reduce soil erosion while achieving the maximum net benefit. However, optimized land use allocation schemes are not always successful since uncertainties pertaining to soil erosion control are not well presented. This study applied an interval-parameter fuzzy two-stage stochastic programming approach to generate optimal land use planning strategies for soil erosion control based on an inexact optimization framework, in which various uncertainties were reflected. The modeling approach can incorporate predefined soil erosion control policies, and address inherent system uncertainties expressed as discrete intervals, fuzzy sets, and probability distributions. The developed model was demonstrated through a case study in the Xiangxi River watershed, China’s Three Gorges Reservoir region. Land use transformations were employed as decision variables, and based on these, the land use change dynamics were yielded for a 15-year planning horizon. Finally, the maximum net economic benefit with an interval value of [1.197, 6.311] × 10⁹ $ was obtained as well as corresponding land use allocations in the three planning periods. Also, the resulting soil erosion amount was found to be decreased and controlled at a tolerable level over the watershed. Thus, results confirm that the developed model is a useful tool for implementing land use management as not only does it allow local decision makers to optimize land use allocation, but can also help to answer how to accomplish land use changes.     

Study on the influence of material thermal characteristics on dust explosion parameters of three long-chain monobasic alcohols

Sensitivity and severity parameters are critical for risk assessment and safety management of dust explosions. In this paper, to reveal the effects of material thermal characteristics on dust explosions parameters during monobasic alcohols dust explosions, three long chain monobasic alcohols, being solid at room temperature and similar in physical–chemical properties, were chosen to carry out experiments in different functional test apparatus according to the internationally accepted ASTM standards. As a result, it was found that the material thermal characteristics strongly affected these basic explosive parameters. On the one hand, for the sensitivity parameters, Minimum Ignition Temperature, Minimum Ignition Energy and Electrical Resistivity were the highest in the Eicosanol dust cloud, while Minimum Explosible Concentration in this cloud was the lowest. On the other hand, for severity parameters, Maximum Explosion Pressure in Eicosanol dust cloud always maintained the highest values as varying the dust concentrations. In contrast, Deflagration Index showed a complex trend.     

二元驱污水配聚黏损影响因素分析及控制方法

含油污水中活泼金属离子会对聚合物产生不同程度的降解,导致注入液的黏度损失较大。室内试验表明:水中二价铁、二价硫及硫化亚铁在溶解氧存在的情况下,均会大幅降低聚合物溶液的黏度,0.5mg/L的二价铁或二价硫、1mg/L的硫化亚铁,黏度损失在15%左右。溶解氧为5.17mg/L时,加入9mg/L的二价铁,聚合物溶液的黏度仅为5.48mPa.s,黏度损失超过95%。为减少上述因素对聚合物黏度的影响,利用陈化法、曝气法及化学氧化法等方法均能有效降低含油污水配聚过程中的黏度损失率。     

High-performance Si-Containing anode materials in lithium-ion batteries:A superstructure of Si@Co–NC composite works effectively

To mitigate the massive volume expansion of Si-based anode during the charge/discharge cycles, we synthesized a superstructure of Si@Co–NC composite via the carbonization of zeolite imidazolate frameworks incorporated with Si nanoparticles. The Si@Co–NC is comprised of Si-nanoparticle core and N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon shell, and there is void space between the core and the shell. When using as anode material for LIBs, Si@Co–NC displayed a super performance with a charge/discharge capacity of 191.6/191.4 mA h g-1 and a coulombic efficiency of 100.1％ at 1000 mA g-1 after 3000 cycles, and the capacity loss rate is 0.022％ per cycle only. The excellent electrochemical property of Si@Co–NC is because its electronic conductivity is enhanced by doping the carbon shell with N atoms and by incorporating with Co particles, and the pathway of lithium ions transmission is shortened by the hollow structure and abundant mesopores in the carbon shell. Also, the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles is well accommodated in the void space and suppressed by the carbon host matrix. This work shows that, through designing a superstructure for the anode materials, we can synergistically reduce the work function and introduce the confinement effect, thus significantly enhancing the anode materials' electrochemical performance in LIBs.     

Striving towards sustainable development: how environmental degradation and energy efficiency interact with health expenditures in SAARC countries

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The previous studies focused on environmental issues, identifying their root causes, urging prompt action to reduce environmental degradation. In this...     

Curcumin antagonizes inflammation and autophagy induced by arsenic trioxide through immune protection in duck spleen

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the natural environment and has adverse effects on the health of waterfowl and human. Curcumin (CUR), a...