铜绿微囊藻对有机毒物菲的生理生态响应研究

选取富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华常见优势种铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa,M. aeruginosa）为研究对象,采用室内暴露培养实验考察多环芳烃（Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）化合物菲（Phenanthrene,Phe）对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响效应和作用机制。研究结果表明,低浓度Phe（0.05~0.2 mg/L）对铜绿微囊藻细胞生长有不同程度的促进作用,0.2 mg/LPhe促进作用最为显著（P＜0.05）;高浓度Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）显著抑制铜绿微囊藻生长（P＜0.05）。铜绿微囊藻典型生理指标细胞光合作用率（Fv/Fm）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷氨酰胺还原酶（GR）酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量同步分析结果显示,低浓度Phe通过增强SOD、GR酶活性,降低铜绿微囊藻细胞内MDA含量,提高藻细胞光合作用率,进而促进细胞增殖;高浓度Phe则通过降低SOD、GR酶活性,增加藻细胞内MDA产量,减弱细胞光合作用,从而抑制细胞生长。对不同暴露时刻藻细胞的生长抑制率进行回归分析可得EC50（半抑制浓度）随着污染暴露时间增加而减低,1day EC50为1.27 mg/L,12day EC50降至0.65 mg/L,即高剂量Phe（0.5~1.0 mg/L）对微囊藻细胞生长的抑制作用随时间延长逐渐增强。结合低剂量浓度下Phe对铜〖JP+2〗绿微囊藻生长的促进作用分析,湖泊生态系统Phe污染长期暴露对铜绿微囊藻生长生理特性及优势种的形成和维持具有不可忽视的作用。其中,铜绿微囊藻细胞主要生理指标SOD与GR对Phe污染胁迫反应灵敏,可用作评价PAHs等有机毒物对浮游藻类生理生态影响的生物标记物     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pueraria lobata</Emphasis> is expanding and endangering in China ecosystems

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is an aggressive invasive species and has brought great loss world-widely. Though it is originated in China, it has not been considered as a weed in China. While more and more articles report its destructive effects on the native community throughout the whole country. We conducted an experiment to validate whether kudzu could endanger its native ecosystem and wanted to find the reason of its fast spreading from 2008 to 2010. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, water content, irradiance, pH, species number and aboveground biomass in the three sub-communities (Kudzu, Mixed and NonKudzu) were analyzed. Meanwhile, light irradiance and coverage of kudzu at 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 m distance from the road surface verge were also measured. The results showed that kudzu evidently lowed the species biodiversity and obviously changed the water, light and nutrient cycles in its expanding area. Kudzu’s rapid expansion is mainly because it can get full available space and light for growth by reason of anthropogenic disturbances. Our results indicated that Kudzu was a potential weed in China if great land changes from human activities are continuing.     

Nanomaterials for water pollution monitoring and remediation

Water shortage and pollution are serious challenges for many countries. Nanomaterials are promising new tools for water quality management due to unique physicochemical properties, high economic benefit, high removal efficiency and environmental friendliness. Here we describe four types of nanomaterials used for water treatment: nanofiltration membranes, photocatalytic nanomaterials, adsorption nanomaterials and reducing nanomaterials. We discuss their properties, applications and mechanisms for pollutant removal. We also review nanomaterials used for water quality monitoring, notably nanomaterials used for the detection of trace pollutants and pathogens. These nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, noble metal nanomaterials and quantum dots.     

用黄姜皂素残渣制备活性炭

以黄姜皂素残渣为原料,用ZnCl2为活化剂制备活性炭,研究了活化温度、活化剂浓度、液固比、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。在活化温度600℃、活化时间90min、ZnCl2质量分数40％、液固比（质量比）4条件下。制备的活性炭碘吸附值为933mg/g,苯酚吸附值为139mg/g,亚甲基蓝脱色力为150mL/g,性能优于对比的商业颗粒活性炭。     

电化学转盘法处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用电化学转盘法处理模拟活性艳红X-3B染料废水,考察了电解槽电压、电化学转盘转速、废水pH、电解时间、电导率等因素对废水色度、总有机碳（TOC）去除率的影响。在废水pH为6、电解槽电压17V、电化学转盘转速70r／min、电导率1500μs／cm、电解时间60min的条件下,废水色度和TOC去除率分别达98．2％和57．2％。通过对活性艳红X-3B紫外-可见吸收光谱的分析,探讨了活性艳红X-3B的降解机理。     

隔离曝气生物反应器处理含硫含酚碱渣

采用隔离曝气生物反应器（简称反应器）处理含硫含酚碱渣（简称碱渣）,探讨了碱渣中硫化物的去除机理．研究了反应器中的挂膜驯化过程,考察了水力停留时间、气水体积比（简称气水比）及反冲洗周期等对碱渣中硫化物、挥发酚、COD和油等污染物处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在碱渣处理量为1m^3／h、气水比为36：1、水力停留时间为12．0h,反冲洗周期为3～5d的条件下,经过隔离曝气生物氧化工艺处理后碱渣的COD、硫化物、油和挥发酚的去除率分别为88％,99％,89％,85％,出水BOD,约为30mg／L,BOD,／COD小于0．1,处理1t碱渣的产泥量为0．17～0．26kg。     

区域能源效率测算及影响分析——基于三阶段DEA方法

文章运用三阶段DEA方法,测算了2010～2017年间全国30个省、市能源效率,并将剔除环境要素和随机扰动影响的效率值与传统DEA分析结果进行比较.结果显示,剔除环境要素和随机扰动之前,我国绝大多数省规模效率高于纯技术效率,导致规模效率被高估,存在投入不足的情况;通过三阶段DEA结果,中国地区间规模报酬都处于递增趋势,...     

浅谈房地产开发项目环境影响评价

房地产开发项目在推动城市经济和社会发展的同时,施工期和运营期产生的废水、废气、噪声及固废对城市及周围的环境造成不利的影响。因此,必须抓好房地产开发项目的环境影响评价工作。本文根据房地产开发项目的特点,阐述了房地产开发项目环境影响评价的内容及重点,还简单论述了绿色房地产评价的相关内容及建议。     

炼油废水处理生物填料的选择与优化研究

对4种填料进行了挂膜试验,选择出3种挂膜性能良好的填料.并在自行开发的固定生物床反应器中,比较了这3种填料对炼油废水处理的效果.试验结果表明,F-Ⅲ型陶粒填料挂膜速度快,是一种理想的炼油废水处理生物填料.在炼油废水COD平均不大于700 mg/L,酚含量平均不大于100 mg/L,处理2 h的条件下,COD和酚的平均降解率分别可达68.5%和90.4%,COD的负荷及降解速率分别可达5.98 kg COD/m3·d和3.89 kg COD/m3·d.