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51.
三峡水库支流回水区富营养化时空分布特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了解三峡水库175m水位蓄水后库区支流回水区富营养化现状,探索支流回水区富营养化时空变化规律,在三峡库区支流回水区开展了富营养化普查和监测。结果表明,库区支流总磷浓度为0.035~0.65 mg/L,平均浓度为0.157 mg/L,总氮浓度为0.681~5.690 mg/L,平均浓度为2.037mg/L,远远高于湖库水体出现富营养化的总磷和总氮临界浓度0.02、0.2 m g/L,库区支流营养盐条件适宜藻类生长。在每年4~9月的春季、盛夏和夏秋之交的非暴雨时段,当气温和光照适宜,支流回水核心区富营养化现象明显,出现藻类"疯长"的水华现象,但受气温变化影响明显,库区的富营养化现象仍是间歇的,局部的。 相似文献
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Bu Duo Lulu Cui Zhenzhen Wang Rui Li Liwu Zhang Hongbo Fu Jianmin Chen Huifang Zhang A. Qiong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):28-42
Atmospheric pollutants including SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O3, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O3 concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O3 and PM10 in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O3 photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed (WS) was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O3 pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O3 would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future. 相似文献
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In this study, iron speciation in five standard clay samples was characterized. Iron mobilization from these clays was then measured in acidic media. For comparison, a commercially available Arizona test dust (ATD) was also observed. The results showed that the free-Fe contents of clays were commonly lower than that of dust aerosols. The components of clays were dominant by the structural Fe held in the aluminosilicate lattice. The iron solubility of the clays were in the order of KGa-2?>?SWy-2?>?CCa-2?>?IMt-2?>?NAu-2. Based upon the Mössbauer spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the Fe(II) fraction and the Fe/Si ratio of clay particles changed after dissolution, suggesting the total Fe solubility depended on the Fe atom states existing within the aluminosilicate lattice. The Fe in KGa-2 and SWy-2 was most likely substituted for alkaline elements as the interlayer ions held by ionic bonds in the aluminosilicate, which are more liable to dissolution. However, the Fe in NAu-2 was more likely to be bound by strong covalent bonds in aluminosilicate mineral, which is less soluble. The much highly soluble Fe in ATD was not only linked to the dissolution of an appreciable fraction of Fe(II), but also could be attributed to the fact that the Fe bonds in the clay fraction of ATD were mainly present as ionic bonds. The TEM images showed that reacted clay particles displayed less aggregate particles, with nanoparticle aggregates and the Fe/S-rich tiny particles attached to the remains. 相似文献
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Biochemical defense strategies in sterilized seedlings of Nymphoides peltatum adapted to lead stress
Xuqiang Qiao Guoxin Shi Xiaoke Yang Zhenzhen Zheng Xiaoying Xu Haiyan Yang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):8315-8322
In order to study potential antioxidant defense mechanisms, the effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) on polyamines (PAs), various thiols, vitamins C and E, and proline contents in sterilized seedlings of Nymphoides peltata (S.G. mel.) Kuntze were investigated after 5 days of exposure. The levels of total putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) decreased significantly, while the ratio of (Spd?+?Spm)/Put first increased but then declined as the concentration of Pb increased. The trends for free, perchloric acid soluble-conjugated (PS-conjugated), and perchloric acid insoluble-bound (PIS-bound) PAs were similar to the trend seen for total PAs. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH), nonprotein thiols (NP-SH), phytochelatins (PCs), and vitamin C were induced at high Pb concentrations. No significant change was observed in vitamin E. An initial decline in proline content was followed by an increase as the Pb concentration rose. The reduced level of Put and elevated contents of GSH, NP-SH, PCs, vitamin C, and proline were found to be associated with antioxidant efficiency, which supports the hypothesis that they could play a significant role in the adaptation mechanisms of N. peltatum under Pb stress. 相似文献
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覆铜板边角料是废弃线路板的一种,通过设计合理的电解工艺制度,对覆铜板废料上金属锡和铜进行退除.该方法无需破碎,可直接电解覆铜板废料,同时退除板上的金属锡和铜,并直接回收得到阴极电解铜产品.该方法与处理废弃线路板常用的机械物理法和化学酸浸法相比,具有成本低、能耗低、操作简单等优势. 相似文献
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利用自来水厂铝盐混凝污泥为主要原料开发出一种新型轻质陶粒滤料(LCFM),评价了LCFM在静态吸附及动态过滤条件下对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,在静态吸附温度为(25.0±1.0)℃、pH=7,t吸附=24 h条件下,LCFM对氨氮、总磷和有机物具有良好的吸附效果。在过滤系统中控制进水pH=7.0~8.0,过滤周期约10 h时,系统对氨氮、总磷和COD等污染物的去除效果较好,去除率分别为80%、95%和70%。比表面积分析仪分析显示,LCFM中的孔道以中微孔为主,集中分布在60.0 nm左右,比表面积为71.47 m2/g,同时,LCFM中含有的金属离子在吸附过程中与污染物可能存在的交换反应或沉淀反应(xPO43- +3Mx+=M3(PO4)x)强化了LCFM对污染物的吸附效果。 相似文献
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为研究调节风窗的面积、位置对瓦斯爆炸传播特性的影响,通过FLACS软件构建不同面积和不同位置调节风窗的风门-巷道模型,对瓦斯在该模型中的爆炸及其传播进行数值模拟,并分析瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播速度。研究结果表明:风门前最大瓦斯爆炸压力值与调节风窗边长呈现指数减小关系,而风门后最大瓦斯爆炸压力值与调节风窗边长呈现指数增加关系;火焰传播速度与调节风窗边长呈现指数增加关系;相同面积情况下,调节风窗中心位置对瓦斯爆炸影响较小。 相似文献
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用气流输送轨迹分析上海,重庆,贵阳的酸雨特点及其比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用降雨时的气流输送轨迹,分析了上海、重庆和贵阳三地的酸雨特点和成因。研究表明,重庆和贵阳的酸雨,主要是受局地污染源的影响,远距离外来污染影响不大;但贵阳在静止锋天气时的酸雨,可能也受远处输送来的外来污染的影响。上海地区的酸雨,除受局地污染源的影响外,还受远处外来污染的影响。 相似文献