模拟酸雨对大宝山尾矿淋滤实验研究

在模拟酸雨作用下,研究了大宝山尾矿中重金属Cd、Pb及Mn的释放规律及动力学。结果表明,在淋滤液不同酸度(pH为5.6、4.8、3.0)条件下,不同重金属呈现出不同的释放规律。随着淋滤量的增加,淋出液pH逐渐上升;Cd和Mn的释放可分为快速释放和慢速释放2个阶段,Pb的释放速度一直相对稳定。随着淋滤液pH的降低,淋出液pH降低,重金属的释放量及释放速度增加;淋滤液pH对3种重金属释放的影响程度为Pb>Mn>Cd。Cd和Mn的释放可用准二级动力学方程及Elovich方程很好拟合,准二级动力学方程更优;Pb的释放可用双常数方程和零级动力学方程很好拟合。     

废环氧树脂/PVC复合材料的性能

将废环氧树脂与聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混,采用模压工艺制备复合材料。通过正交实验,讨论废环氧树脂添加量、硅烷偶联剂KH-550用量、模压时间3个因素对复合材料力学性能的影响大小,得到其优化条件。在正交实验所得优化条件基础之上,研究单因素对复合材料的影响,最终确定实验的最优方案。结果表明:当模压时间10 min,废环氧树脂添加量70%,硅烷偶联剂用量2份时,复合材料的力学性能达到最优,冲击强度为10.49 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为62.24 MPa。     

圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体的制备与表征

以α-Al2O3为骨料,羧甲基纤维素作为成孔剂,高岭土、TiO2作为高温粘结剂和烧结助剂,采用干压成型工艺和固态粒子烧结法制备出了圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体(=50 mm,厚度为2 mm)。研究了成孔剂用量、高温粘结剂和烧结助剂的用量、烧结温度因素对支撑体性能的影响。结果表明,制得的支撑体孔隙率在34%以上,孔径在2.23～6.75μm,耐酸碱度在98%以上,机械强度高。     

Cr(VI) uptake mechanism of Bacillus cereus

In this study, we investigated the Cr(VI) uptake mechanism in an indigenous Cr(VI)-tolerant bacterial strain -Bacillus cereus through batch and microscopic experiments. We found that both the cells and the supernatant collected from B. cereus cultivation could reduce Cr(VI). The valence state analysis revealed the complete transformation from Cr(VI) into Cr(III) by living B. cereus. Further X-ray absorption fine structure and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the reduced Cr(III) was coordinated with carboxyl and amido functional groups from either the cells or supernatant. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observation showed that noticeable Cr(III) precipitates were accumulated on bacterial surfaces. However, Cr(III) could also be detected in bacterial inner portions by using transmission electron microscopy thin section analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through quantitative analysis of chromium distribution, we determined the binding ratio of Cr(III) in supernatant, cell debris and cytoplasm as 22%, 54% and 24%, respectively. Finally, we further discussed the role of bacterium-origin soluble organic molecules to the remediation of Cr(VI) pollutants.     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A2O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水过程中污泥的特性

电渗透技术对于城市污水厂污泥的深度脱水是非常有效的,但相对较高的能耗制约了它的广泛应用。为此,针对污泥电渗透脱水过程中阴极排水困难引起能耗高的问题,提出了吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水,同时考察了吸附分离辅助电渗透脱水过程中污泥中水分的运动特点、pH的变化以及离子的迁移规律。结果显示,吸附分离可以极大地提高污泥电渗透脱水的效果。且脱水过程中阳极附近污泥的含水率、pH均迅速减小;阴极附近污泥的含水率稍有减少,但pH却迅速增大;而中间层污泥的含水率及pH均没有发生变化。此外,电渗透脱水技术对于污泥中目标离子的去除非常有效,但同时容易导致非目标离子的去除。     

水葫芦对滇池底泥氮磷营养盐释放的影响

为了探讨水葫芦对富营养湖泊底泥氮磷营养盐释放的影响,通过原位采集滇池柱状底泥,以蒸馏水为上覆水,进行了25d的室内静态模拟实验。实验比较了水葫芦处理组和空白对照组底泥氨氮（NH4-N）、硝态氮（NO3^-N）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、正磷酸盐（PO4^3--P）等的释放特征。结果表明,与对照组相比,水葫芦处理组上覆水溶解氧、pH显著性降低,而PO4^3-P浓度显著性升高;在实验前2d,水葫芦处理组上覆水NH4^＋N和DTN浓度显著性高于对照组,而在5～25d时,其显著性低于对照组。根据上覆水营养盐浓度、水葫芦植株吸收营养盐总量,推算底泥氮磷营养盐释放的平均速率,表明水葫芦加速了滇池底泥氮、磷营养盐的释放速率,处理组氮、磷释放速率分别为对照组的5．3～170．2和1．5～21．6倍。     

大宝山尾矿重金属形态及其潜在迁移能力分析

以大宝山槽对坑尾矿库、新鲜尾矿排放口和铁龙尾矿库3个不同区域尾矿为研究对象,采用Dold七步分级化学提取法研究了4种重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn的化学形态特征,并分析了其潜在迁移能力.结果表明,Cu、Pb在所有尾矿中以原生硫化态和残渣态为主;Zn在槽对坑尾矿和新鲜尾矿中以原生硫化态和残渣态为主,在铁龙尾矿中水溶态、可交...     

复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的实验研究

以铁板为阴极,石墨为阳极,吸附饱和的活性炭粒子为填充材料,研究了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水时各因素对处理效率的影响。通过单因素实验确定了复极性三维电极法处理硝基苯废水的最佳操作条件为：电解电压20V,反应时间60min,活性炭填充量25g／L,电极板间距4cm,废水初始pH值6～7,电解质的投加量0．8g／L。此条件下废水的硝基苯去除率达到80％以上,COD去除率达到50％以上,显示出良好的处理效果。     

Increased urinary 8-hydroxy-2��-deoxyguanosine levels in workers exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in a waste plastic recycling site in China

Background

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer used in industrial and diverse consumer products. Animal studies indicate DEHP caused developmental, reproductive, and hepatic toxicities. However, human studies of the potential effects of DEHP are limited.

Methods

The exposed site with a history of over 20 years of waste plastic recycling was located in Hunan Province, China. The reference site without known DEHP pollution source was about 50 km far away from the exposed site. In this study, 181 workers working in plastic waste recycling and 160 gender?Cage matched farmers were recruited. DEHP concentrations in water and cultivated soil samples, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary 8-hydroxy-2??-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and micronuclei frequency in human capillary blood lymphocytes were analyzed.

Results

Mean levels of DEHP were greater in environment at the recycling site than at reference site (industry wastewater for the exposed: 42.43 ??g/l; well water: 14.20 vs. 0.79 ??g/l, pond water: 135.68 vs. 0.37 ??g/l, cultivated soil: 13.07 vs. 0.81 mg/kg, p?p?p?Conclusions The occupational DEHP exposure might contribute to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the male workers.