厌氧-两级SBR法处理高浓度洋蓟废水的研究

采用厌氧两级SBR工艺处理洋蓟罐头生产排放的高浓度有机废水,确定了厌氧、SBR工艺的最佳运行参数。结果表明,通过该工艺处理后,COD的总去除率达到98%以上,出水COD为78mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

硝酸根紫外光降解对硝基苯甲酸的研究

以硝酸铝做光氧化剂,研究了紫外光照射下,NO-3对PNB(对硝基苯甲酸)的光降解作用.探索了NO-3投加量、模拟废水初始浓度和pH值、光照时间、溶解氧浓度对处理效果的影响.结果表明,NO-3对PNB具有良好的光氧化作用,在最佳处理条件下,NO-3光降解PNB 4 h后降解率达90.8%.廉价硝酸盐对于有机物能起到显著光...     

典范相关分析在桉树人工林地土壤酶活性与营养元素关系研究中的应用

运用典范相关分析（canonical correlation analysis)对桉树人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤营养元素含量关系的研究表明,土壤过氧化氢酶,脲酶和蛋白酶活性与土壤营养元素N,P,K含量关系最大,其中地氧化氢酶与桉树土壤K听转化,K的固定关系密切,对土壤中主要营养物质N素的转化具有重要作用,脲酶的活性同桉树土壤N,P的转化关系密切,蛋白酶促进土壤对植物氮源的供给,而转化酶与P的转化也有一定相关,Zn在一定程度上对转化酶有正效庆,即有促进作用。结合林地生物的生长特征等因子,“综合土壤酶因子”可作为土壤肥力评价的一个生物学指标。图2表4参16     

The health consequences of greenhouse gas emissions: a potential pathway

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Excessive greenhouse gas emissions might be the major culprit for environmental degradation, which have direct and indirect adverse impacts in various ways....     

1860—1898年北京沙尘天气研究——基于《翁同龢日记》

对晚清<翁同龢日记>记载的1860-1898年北京沙尘天气资料进行比较系统的考证与评价,认为这份资料是真实可靠的,也是比较完整的(缺失率为8.8%).经过整理,建立了1860-1898年北京年沙尘日数和春季(3-5月)沙尘日数序列.据此得到,1860-1898年北京年沙尘日数平均值为11 d左右,其中春季沙尘日数平均值为7 d左右,均低于1961-2000年相应的平均值.沙尘日数的月际分布为4月最高,8月最低,与1961-2000年基本一致.1860-1898年北京全年和春季沙尘日数与冬季(上年12月至当年2月)和春季降水量可能有较高的负相关关系.     

Biosorption characteristics of Bacillus gibsonii S-2 waste biomass for removal of lead (II) from aqueous solution

Lead (II) has been as one of the most toxic heavy metals because it is associated with many health hazards. Therefore, people are increasingly interested in discovering new methods for effectively and economically scavenging lead (II) from the aquatic system. Recent studies demonstrate biosorption is a promising technology for the treatment of pollutant streams. To apply these techniques, suitable adsorbents with high efficiency and low cost are demanded. The waste biomass of Bacillus gibsonii S-2 biosorbent was used as low-cost biosorbent to remove metallic cations lead (II) from aqueous solution. To optimize the maximum removal efficiency, the effect of pH and temperature on the adsorption process was studied. The isotherm models, kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters were analysed to describe the adsorptive behaviour of B. gibsonii S-2 biosorbent. The mechanisms of lead (II) biosorption were also analysed by FTIR and EDX. The results showed that the optimum pH values for the biosorption at three different temperatures, i.e. 20, 30 and 40 °C, were determined as 4. The equilibrium data were well fitted to Langmuir model, with the maximum lead (II) uptake capacities of 333.3 mg?g^?1. The kinetics for lead (II) biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The thermodynamic data showed that the biosorption process were endothermic (?G?<?0), spontaneous (?H?>?0) and irreversible (?S?>?0). The mechanism of lead (II) biosorption by the waste biomass of B. gibsonii S-2 biosorbent could be a combination of ion exchange and complexation with the functional groups present on the biosorbent surface. The application of the waste biomass of B. gibsonii S-2 for lead (II) adsorption, characterized with higher lead (II) sorption capacity and lower cost, may find potential application in industrial wastewater treatment.     

智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明,在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法,国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距,国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段,应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。     

宁夏电力调度大楼新风机组改造

针对宁夏电力调度大楼二层顶部消防水管线喷淋头冬季经常冻坏,造成安全隐患的问题,经过计算分析论证,决定对调度大楼新风机组进行改造并增设二层暖风循环系统,改造结果表明:新风机组与主楼二层形成一次暖风全空气循环系统,从而达到理想的温度要求,确保了消防设备安全运行并取得了良好的社会效益与经济效益。     

Identifying sources and assessing potential risk of heavy metals in soils from direct exposure to children in a mine-impacted city, Changsha, China

Heavy metal pollutants in soils can usually enter the human body and pose heath risks through a soil-crop-human body pathway (indirect exposure) or soil-human body pathway (direct exposure). Previous studies often neglected the direct exposure in human health risk assessment, especially for children. We collected surface soil samples from urban and suburb areas in Changsha City, China, to analyze the content ofAs, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. A combination of principal component analysis, geostatistics, and triangulated irregular network (TIN) model was successfully used to discriminate the sources of heavy metals. The direct exposure method, sequential indicator simulation, and geographical information system (GIS) technologies were used to perform a health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to children living in the study area. Results show that heavy metal contamination in Changsha may originate from coal usage and industrial activities. One thousand equiprobable realizations suggest that not all sites within the study area may be suitable for housing or allotments without remediation. Most high hazard indexes are located in the suburb and mining areas. Moreover, arsenic presents a high health risk in comparison with other elements. Compared with inhalation and dermal contact in direct soil exposure, soil ingestion is the largest contribution to potential health risks for children. This study indicates that we should attach great importance to the direct soil exposure for children's health.