全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4478篇 |
免费 | 214篇 |
国内免费 | 1697篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 316篇 |
废物处理 | 285篇 |
环保管理 | 344篇 |
综合类 | 2517篇 |
基础理论 | 771篇 |
污染及防治 | 1616篇 |
评价与监测 | 166篇 |
社会与环境 | 154篇 |
灾害及防治 | 220篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 64篇 |
2022年 | 244篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 139篇 |
2019年 | 149篇 |
2018年 | 155篇 |
2017年 | 230篇 |
2016年 | 239篇 |
2015年 | 256篇 |
2014年 | 330篇 |
2013年 | 494篇 |
2012年 | 369篇 |
2011年 | 449篇 |
2010年 | 282篇 |
2009年 | 272篇 |
2008年 | 357篇 |
2007年 | 278篇 |
2006年 | 259篇 |
2005年 | 168篇 |
2004年 | 124篇 |
2003年 | 171篇 |
2002年 | 137篇 |
2001年 | 106篇 |
2000年 | 132篇 |
1999年 | 112篇 |
1998年 | 105篇 |
1997年 | 116篇 |
1996年 | 82篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6389条查询结果,搜索用时 491 毫秒
421.
为解决水体因低碳氮比而导致脱氮效率差的问题,将颗粒聚己内酯(PCL)重新塑形为阶梯环状,研究其作为反硝化过程的生物膜载体与固相碳源的反硝化性能。结果表明,在静态实验中,平均反硝化速率为8.57 mg NO3-N/(L·h);反硝化过程为零级反应。连续填充床实验中,超过90%的硝酸盐可被去除,出水NO2-N质量浓度低于0.20 mg/L;出水NH3-N质量浓度略有上升;出水溶解性有机碳(DOC)先上升后降低至1 mg/L左右。电子扫描显微镜扫描显示,PCL阶梯环反应表面空隙率较高,表面生物膜以杆菌为主,反应后被明显腐蚀;液相色谱检测显示PCL阶梯环分子量反应前后略有下降,其结构未受到破坏;表明该材料适合作为反硝化反应的碳源的同时,又可以作为载体供微生物附着生长。 相似文献
422.
Quan Zhang Cui Wang Wanpeng Liu Jiapeng Qu Ming Liu Yanming Zhang Meirong Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):652-659
Quinestrol has shown potential for use in the fertility control of the plateau pika population of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, the environmental safety and fate of this compound are still obscure. Our study investigated degradation of quinestrol in a local soil and aquatic system for the first time. The results indicate that the degradation of quinestrol follows first-order kinetics in both soil and water, with a dissipation half-life of approximately 16.0 days in local soil. Microbial activity heavily influenced the degradation of quinestrol, with 41.2 % removal in non-sterile soil comparing to 4.8 % removal in sterile soil after incubation of 10 days. The half-lives in neutral water (pH 7.4) were 0.75 h when exposed to UV light (λ?=?365 nm) whereas they became 2.63 h when exposed to visible light (λ?>?400 nm). Acidic conditions facilitated quinestrol degradation in water with shorter half-lives of 1.04 and 1.47 h in pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 solutions, respectively. Moreover, both the soil and water treatment systems efficiently eliminated the estrogenic activity of quinestrol. Results presented herein clarify the complete degradation of quinestrol in a relatively short time. The ecological and environmental safety of this compound needs further investigation. 相似文献
423.
Physicochemical and biological quality of soil in hexavalent chromium-contaminated soils as affected by chemical and microbial remediation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yingping Liao Xiaobo Min Zhihui Yang Liyuan Chai Shujuan Zhang Yangyang Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):379-388
Chemical and microbial methods are the main remediation technologies for chromium-contaminated soil. These technologies have progressed rapidly in recent years; however, there is still a lack of methods for evaluating the chemical and biological quality of soil after different remediation technologies have been applied. In this paper, microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria and chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate were used for the remediation of soils contaminated with Cr(VI) at two levels (80 and 1,276 mg kg?1) through a column leaching experiment. After microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria, the average concentration of water-soluble Cr(VI) in the soils was reduced to less than 5.0 mg kg?1. Soil quality was evaluated based on 11 soil properties and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, including fuzzy mathematics and correlative analysis. The chemical fertility quality index was improved by one grade using microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria, and the biological fertility quality index increased by at least a factor of 6. Chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate, however, resulted in lower levels of available phosphorus, dehydrogenase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase. The result showed that microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria was more effective for remedying Cr(VI)-contaminated soils with high pH value than chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate. In addition, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was proven to be a useful tool for monitoring the quality change in chromium-contaminated soils. 相似文献
424.
Effects of cadmium on the photosynthetic activity in mature and young leaves of soybean plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhongcai Xue Huiyuan Gao Shijie Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4656-4664
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely spread pollutant and can be easily taken up by crop from soil, resulting in a serious health issue for humans. The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate the photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll contents, and spectral reflectance in mature and young leaves of soybean plants after being treated with different concentrations of Cd for 10 days. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching in the young leaves decreased more significantly with increasing concentrations of Cd in the nutrient solution, compared with those in the mature leaves, though the young leaves had less Cd concentrations. Thus, there was more excessive excited energy produced in the young leaves than that in the mature leaves. In the young leaves, due to more excessive excited energy, more reactive oxygen species may be generated, which further damaged the photosynthetic apparatus. It was supported by the fact that the decrease of reflectance in near-infrared wavelengths of the young leaves was more noticeable than that of the mature leaves. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients of the young leaves was significantly different from that in the mature leaves, indicating that the electron transport of young leaves were inhibited much more severely than that of the mature leaves. These observations imply that the responses of photosynthetic activity of soybean leaves to Cd stress depend on their growth stage, and the Cd-induced inhibition of photosynthetic activity might be attributed to the decrease in chlorophyll contents and the decrease in mesophyll CO2 assimilation ability cause by the Cd, which further decreased the consumption of ATP and NADPH, leading to accumulation of NADPH on the acceptor sides of the PSI, and then feedback inhibited electron transport in chloroplasts. 相似文献
425.
Hai-bo Xu Dao-yuan Zhao Yu-jiao Li Pei-ya Liu Chang-xun Dong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(7):5132-5140
ortho-Nitrochlorobenzene (o-NCB) in soil poses significant health risks to human because of its persistence and high toxicity. The removal of o-NCB by both zero-valent iron (ZVI) and chemical oxidation (persulfate) was investigated by batch experiments. The o-NCB removal rate increases significantly from 15.1 to 97.3 % with an increase of iron dosage from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol g?1. The o-NCB removal rate increases with the decrease of the initial solution pH, and a removal efficiency of 90.3 % is obtained at an initial pH value of 6.8 in this combined system. It is found that temperature and soil moisture could also increase the o-NCB removal rate. The o-NCB degradation rate increases from 83.9 to 96.2 % and from 41.5 to 82.4 % with an increase of temperature (15 to 35 °C) and soil moisture (0.25 to 1.50 mL g?1), respectively. Compared to the persulfate oxidation system and ZVI system, the persulfate–iron system shows high o-NCB removal capacity. o-NCB removal rates of 41.5 and 62.4 % are obtained in both the persulfate oxidation system and the ZVI system, while the removal rate of o-NCB is 90.3 % in the persulfate–iron system. 相似文献
426.
Rui Wan Yuyin Yang Weimin Sun Zhao Wang Shuguang Xie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):3175-3181
The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen sources on simazine biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. strain SD1 and the community structures of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in non-agricultural soil. Soil microcosms with different treatments were constructed for herbicide biodegradation test. The relative abundance of the strain SD1 and the structures of AOA and AOB communities were assessed using quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), respectively. The co-existence of two inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonia and nitrate) had certain impact on simazine dissipation by the strain SD1. Bioaugmentation could induce a shift in the community structures of both AOA and AOB, but AOA were more responsive. Nitrogen application had significant impacts on AOA and AOB communities in bioaugmented soils. Moreover, in non-bioaugmented soil, the community structure of AOA, instead of AOB, could be quickly recovered after herbicide application. This study could add some new insights towards the impacts of nitrogen sources on s-triazine bioremediation and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in soil ecosystem. 相似文献
427.
Ming Zhao Peng-Fei Sun Lin-Na Du Guan Wang Xiao-Ming Jia Yu-Hua Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6136-6145
Azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. The present study is focused on exploring the capability of Bacillus sp. strain UN2 for application in methyl red (MR) degradation. Effects of physicochemical parameters (pH of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. The suitable pH and temperature range for MR degradation by strain UN2 were respectively 7.0–9.0 and 30–40 °C, and the optimal pH value and temperature were respectively 8.0 and 35 °C. Mg2+ and Mn2+ (1 mM) were found to significantly accelerate the MR removal rate, while the enhancement by either Fe3+ or Fe2+ was slight. Under the optimal degradation conditions, strain UN2 exhibited greater than 98 % degradation of the toxic azo dye MR (100 ppm) within 30 min. Analysis of samples from decolorized culture flasks confirmed biodegradation of MR into two prime metabolites: N,N′dimethyl-p-phenyle-nediamine and 2-aminobenzoic acid. A study of the enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of MR, in the control and cells obtained during (10 min) and after (30 min) degradation, showed a significant increase in the activities of azoreductase, laccase, and NADH-DCIP reductase. Furthermore, a phytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that the germination inhibition was almost eliminated for both the plants Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor by MR metabolites at 100 mg/L concentration, yet the germination inhibition of parent dye was significant. Consequently, the high efficiency of MR degradation enables this strain to be a potential candidate for bioremediation of wastewater containing MR. 相似文献
428.
将臭氧分别与超声波、H2O2、紫外光等联用,深度处理干法腈纶生产厂生化池出水,对各种联用技术的处理效果进行了研究。实验结果表明:在进水流量2 L/min、反应时间30 min、臭氧加入量3.5 g/(L?h)的条件下,当超声功率为300 W时,臭氧-超声联用技术的COD去除率为30.0%;当H2O2加入量为0.4 mL/L时,臭氧-H2O2联用技术的COD去除率为50.7%;当紫外灯功率为40 W时,臭氧-紫外光联用技术的COD去除率为49.9%;在各种联用技术中,臭氧-H2O2联用技术的运行成本最低(为7.5 元/t),且处理后出水COD为143 mg/L,达到《<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978—1996)中石化工业COD标准值修改单》中的一级排放标准。综合考虑,臭氧-H2O2联用技术是深度处理干法腈纶废水的最优工艺。 相似文献
429.
对Mn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备条件及头孢合成废水的催化臭氧氧化法深度处理工艺条件进行了优化。实验结果表明:以Mn(NO3)2溶液为浸渍液,Mn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的最优制备条件为浸渍液浓度0.10 mol/L、浸渍时间9 h、焙烧温度400 ℃、焙烧时间2 h;在反应时间为30 min、废水pH为9.0、臭氧通量为4.6 mg/min、催化剂加入量为5 g/L的条件下,当进水COD、BOD5、ρ(氨氮)和色度分别为220~250 mg/L,8~10 mg/L,10~12 mg/L和60~70倍时,出水COD、BOD5、ρ(氨氮)和色度的平均去除率分别为53%,30%,33%和93%,出水水质满足GB 21904—2008《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》的要求。 相似文献
430.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂(TiO2/ACF),并通过SEM和XRD等手段对TiO2/ACF进行了表征。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为目标降解物,考察了催化材料的电催化活性。实验结果表明:在反应温度为25 ℃、初始DMP质量浓度为100.0 mg/L、电解质Na2SO4质量浓度为100 mg/L、电流密度为62.5 mA/cm2、电极板间距为4 cm的条件下,经过40 min的降解,DMP质量浓度为1.8 mg/L,DMP去除率为98.2%;TiO2/ACF在反应过程中可以原位再生,经6次重复使用后仍保持很高的催化活性,对DMP的去除率仍达90%以上。 相似文献