腐植酸对土壤改良作用探讨

土壤污染导致土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质发生改变,降低农作物的产量和质量,并最终危害人体健康。腐植酸具有良好的生理活性和吸收、络合、交换等功能,能较好的改良土壤。本文介绍了腐植酸的特性,腐植酸对重金属的污染的防治、对农药的增效及污染防治、对酸性土壤性能的影响及节水抗旱作用几方面内容,并对腐植酸的应用前景进行了展望。     

太岳山国家森林公园生物多样性现状及保护对策

本文采用资料收集和传统生态学调查相结合的方法,对太岳山国家森林公园动植物区系特征、生物多样性现状、植被群落特点、珍稀濒危物种分布等进行了研究,分析了太岳山森林公园目前生物多样保护所面临的威胁,并提出了相应的保护对策,为森林公园生物多样性保护和森林旅游业的可持续发展提供参考。     

火电厂用水测试及节水管理

随着电力市场化经营的逐步深入,对电力生产的成本提出了更高的要求,加强水务管理并开展综合治理,逐渐达到合理地发电、生产用水,成为节能降耗工作的一个重要环节。火电厂是耗水大户,随着水资源的日渐匮乏及环保法律的日趋严格,合理利用水资源,已成为火电厂面临的紧迫任务,为此需开展进行全厂水平衡测试工作。针对某火电厂用水情况进行水平衡测试,根据测试结果对火电厂用水情况进行分析,查清实际用水状况,找出节水潜力,并提出了相应的治理建议,使火电厂的用水达到合理使用和科学管理,为火电厂节水工作提供参考。     

深圳市、重庆市、湖北省排污权交易的调研研究

介绍了深圳、重庆、湖北试点省市的排污权交易现状及其特点,对比分析了调研省市的排污权交易机制特点,从交易模式、交易体制、交易价格及初始分配机制四个方面进行了调研省市排污权交易政策的对比研究,结果表明,管理办法及交易机制的研究是进行排污权交易的首要条件,不同省市应该根据实际情况研究因地制宜的交易机制,广州市需在排污权交易工作中加快推进步伐,以保障广州市污染物总量控制目标的顺利实现。     

H2O2氧化铜绿微囊藻致嗅物质及灭藻效应研究

分别以不同浓度梯度的H_2O_2为氧化剂,研究其对铜绿微囊藻致嗅物质β-环柠檬醛的去除效果和藻细胞的灭活程度.结果表明,当藻细胞密度为1.01×10~6cells·m L~(-1)时,H_2O_2对胞外β-环柠檬醛的氧化较为迅速,反应1 min内即可去除75%以上,而对胞内β-环柠檬醛的降解比较缓慢,只有在投加4或5 mg·L~(-1)时才能取得显著效果;其降解的二级动力学速率常数为57.12 L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1);H_2O_2的氧化能力相对较弱,不足以导致藻细胞剧烈破碎,但也因此而减少了藻毒素的释放;并且H_2O_2可使溶解性有机物各个组分的荧光强度明显降低,荧光峰中心位置也发生了一定的偏移;因细胞壁和细胞膜受到损害,浓度为4 mg·L~(-1)以上的H_2O_2能够充分灭活藻细胞.     

Synthesis of a functional biomass lignin-based hydrogel with high swelling and adsorption capability towards Acid Red 73

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, sodium lignosulfonate (LS) was used as raw material. Acrylamide (AM) and acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DAC) were grafted...     

Effect of biochar on fate and transport of manure-borne estrogens in sandy soil

The feasibility of using two types of biochars to reduce steroid hormone pollution from poultry and swine manure application on agricultural land was evaluated.The sorption affinity and desorption resistance of softwood and hardwood biochars were also determined for two estrogen hormones,17β-estradiol(E2) and its primary metabolite estrone(E1).The softwood and hardwood biochars demonstrated high retention capacity for both estrogens.The effective distribution coefficient(K_d~(eff)) of soil-softwood-derived biochar(SBS_(450)) was significantly higher than soil-hardwood-derived biochar(SBH750),indicating the stronger sorption affinity of SBS450 for estrogens.To validate the laboratory results,a field lysimeter experiment was conducted to study the fate and transport of E2 and E1 in soil and leachate in the presence of 1% softwood-biochar(BS450) in topsoil and to compare it with soil without any amendments.The spatio-temporal distribution of both estrogens was monitored at four depths over a 46-day period.The lysimeters,in which the surface layer of soil was amended with biochar,retained significantly higher concentrations of both estrogen hormones.Although they leached through the soil and were detected in leachates,collected at 1.0 m depth,the concentrations were significantly lower in the leachate collected from biochar-amended lysimeters.The result confirmed the efficacy of biochar amendment as a remediation technique to alleviate the manure-borne hormonal pollution of groundwater.     

Profiles of and variations in aluminum species in PAC-MC used for the removal of blooming microalgae

Polyaluminum chloride modified clay (PAC-MC) is a safe and efficient red tide control agent that has been studied and applied worldwide. Although it is well known that the distribution of hydrolytic aluminum species in PAC affects its flocculation, little is known about the influence of particulars aluminum species on the microalgae removal efficiency of PAC-MC; this lack of knowledge creates a bottleneck in the development of more efficient MCs based on aluminum salts. The ferron method was used in this study to quantitatively analyze the distributions of and variations in different hydrolytic aluminum species during the process of microalgae removal by PAC-MC. The results showed that Al_a, which made up 5%–20% of the total aluminum, and Al_p, which made up 15%–55% of the total aluminum, significantly affected microalgae removal, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. Most of the aluminum in the PAC-MC sank rapidly into the sediments, but the rate and velocity of settlement were affected by the dose of modified clay. The optimal dose of PAC-MC for precipitating microalgae was determined based on its aluminum profile. These results provide guidance for the precise application of PAC-MC in the control of harmful algal blooms.     

元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落结构特征与相似性分析

选择元江干热河谷典型草地群落,采用标准样地调查法,对流域上、中、下游干热河谷草地植物群落的分布特征、群落结构、种群习性等特征开展研究,结果表明：（1）元江流域上游祥云和中下游红河干热河谷草地群落中出现的植物种类最多,元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落是以灌木为主、多年生草本为辅的结构类型。（2）元江流域干热河谷草地群落中,扭黄茅（Heteropogon contortus）为优势种群,次优种群随流域环境的改变而不同。（3）元江流域干热河谷草地植物群落之间的相似性系数均在0.00～0.25之间,处于极不相似水平,种群的扩散受流域河谷通道作用影响较小。（4）种群的扩散和定居受海拔高度的影响,随着海拔高度的变化,植物群落的组成也发生变化,形成不同的群落结构。