光照时间对外源性磷在模拟水生态系统中迁移的影响

采用同位素示踪法,模拟研究不同光照时间对外源性无机磷酸盐在水体,铜绿微囊蓝细菌和底泥中迁移的影响.外源性磷在加入水体后先是一种物理化学的快速分配,然后其在水体中的迁移主要受微囊蓝细菌的生长状况的影响.延长光照时间能加快微囊蓝细菌的生长速率和提高微囊蓝细菌的密度.水体中外源性磷的浓度随时间下降,蓝细菌中外源性磷的最大浓度与光照时间无关,只有蓝细菌中超积累了一定数量的外源性磷,随后的对数生长就与细胞磷的含量无关.延长光照时间能增加微囊蓝细菌中总的外源性磷数量,随着蓝细菌的衰亡,外源性磷不断向底泥迁移,最终绝大部分外源性磷都迁移到底泥中.     

Promoting effect of Zr on the catalytic combustion of methane over Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The effect of Zr on the catalytic performance of Pd/y-A1203 for the methane combustion was investigated. The results show that the addition of Zr can improve the activity and stability of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which, based on the catalyst characterization （N2 adsorption, XRD, CO- Chemisorption, XPS, CHa-TPR and O2-TPO）, is ascribed to the interaction between Pd and Zr. The active phase of methane combustion over supported palladium catalyst is the Pd^0/Pd^2＋ mixture. Zr addition inhibits Pd aggregation and enhances the redox properties of active phase Pd^0/ Pd^2＋. H2 reduction could effectively reduce the oxidation degree of Pd species and regenerate the active sites （Pd^0/ pd^2＋）.     

客土覆盖对降低放射性锶在作物中积累的效应

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术研究了客土覆盖对降低大豆和白菜(尤其是作物的可食用部分)中⁸⁹Sr积累的效应.结果表明客土覆盖能有效降低大豆和后茬白菜对⁸⁹Sr的吸收和积累,当客土覆盖深度为9cm时,豆籽、豆壳、豆秸和豆根中⁸⁹Sr比活度分别下降了82.8%、56.4%、38.7%和66.5%,后茬白菜下降了68.8%;作物中吸收积累的⁸⁹Sr比活度随客土覆盖深度的增加而下降,实验数据线性回归分析表明两者间呈显著线性负相     

芜湖市区春季地表灰尘中汞和砷的空间及粒径分布规律

以芜湖市高新技术开发区、中心城区和经济技术开发区为研究区域,于2008年春季对其地表灰尘中汞和砷含量、空间分布特征及其在粒径中的分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:芜湖市区地表灰尘中汞、砷含量范围分别为0.011～1.477mg·kg-1、3.533～169.368mg·kg-1,平均值分别为0.230、15.371mg·kg-1,分别是土壤背景值的1.9和1.5倍,存在一定程度的污染;;灰尘中汞含量在经济技术开发区较高,而砷则在高新技术开发区出现高值区;;汞属于空间中相关,说明其变异主要受随机或人为因素的影响;;砷属于空间强相关,说明其变异主要受土壤母质、土地利用方式等因素影响;;研究区地表灰尘汞和砷含量大体上呈随粒径减小而增加的趋势;;不同粒径上汞和砷含量的富集比例随粒径减小呈增加的趋势,汞和砷在>200目粒径上的平均富集比例分别为63.5%和55.8%,说明汞更容易富集在细小颗粒上.     

A vertically integrated eutrophication model and its application to a river-style reservoir-Fuchunjiang,China

Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths and the water quality sub-model was for calculation of algal growth. Suspended solids were divided into two types of sediment which named cohesive and non-cohesive sediments and simulated using separate methods. The light extinction coefficient used in the underwater light regime sub-model was linearly related to the sum of sediment and phytoplankton biomass. Some components less important to the model were simplified to improve practicability and calculation efficiency. Using field data from Fuchunjiang Reservoir, we calculated the sensitivity of ecological parameters included in this model and validated the model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters strongly influenced the phytoplankton biomass including phytoplankton maximum growth rate, respiration rate, non-predatory mortality rate, and settling rate, zooplankton maximum filtration rate, specific extinction coefficient for suspended solids and sediment oxygen demand rate. The model was calibrated by adjusting these parameters. Total chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentrations at different layers in the water column were reproduced very well by the model simulations. The simulated chl-a values were positively correlated to the measured values with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean difference between measured and simulated chl-a concentrations was 12% of the measured chl-a concentration. Measured and simulated DO concentrations were also positively correlated (r=0.74) and the mean difference was 4% of measured DO concentrations. The successful validation of model indicated that it would be very useful in water quality management and algal bloom prediction in Fuchunjiang Reservoir and a good tool for water quality regularation in other river-style reservoirs.     

马踏湖富营养化年度变化分析及对策

选取总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、透明度(SD)和叶绿素a五项,利用综合营养状态指数法评价马踏湖富营养化程度,并选取总氮、氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数等主要指标年均值的比值作图分析,得出马踏湖污染状况。在此基础上分析马踏湖水体富营养化原因,并提出降低马踏湖富营养化现象的措施、对策。     

以硫酸镍为催化剂测定高氯废水CODcr的研究

CODcr作为评价水质有机污染物的重要指标,由于氯离子的正干扰使得高氯废水CODcr测定结果误差较大,尤其对CODcr较低的水样干扰严重。本文采用完全氧化法,以硫酸镍代替硫酸银做催化剂测定高氯废水表观CODcr扣除氯离子的理论CODcr得到原溶液的真实值,实验结果表明,测定CODcr分别为50.0 mg/L、200mg/L的标准溶液(含氯离子从1 000 mg/L到10 000 mg/L),其相对标准偏差为1.8%～3.9%。实验结果的重复性、准确度等均符合实验室质量控制指标的要求。结果表明此方法适用于高氯废水的测定。     

北方城市污水再生处理工艺出水中青鳉鱼胚胎毒性变化研究

为了考察城市污水再生处理系统进水的生态安全性,采用青鳉鱼胚胎暴露的试验方法对北方两个重要城市(北京和天津)的7个城市污水再生处理系统的进水进行了研究.结果表明,7个再生水处理系统的进水对青鳉鱼的早期发育都表现出不同程度的不利影响,其中,X、B、D 3个再生水处理系统的进水毒性最大,青鳉鱼胚胎的总致死率均达到100%.J...     

110千伏变电站常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究

阐述了110千伏变电站噪声环境影响的现状,全面列举了变电站的主要噪声源并分析其分布规律及噪声影响特点.针对各类声源的特点,结合变电站设计、施工、运行维护三个主要阶段,全过程分析了常用的变电站噪声控制方案及其效果,重点关注了有源消声技术的应用和排风扇噪声影响的问题.对常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究,旨在寻求最经济、最有效的110千伏变电站噪声控制方案.     

小麦对134Cs吸收的研究

本文介绍小麦对~(134)Cs的吸收试验,结果表明,~(134)Cs在小麦中的比活度,根中最高,麦杆次之,麦粒最低。麸皮中~(137)Cs的比活度高于面粉。土壤对~(134)Cs的吸附能力,以青紫泥最强,红壤次之,小粉土最弱;土壤对~(134)Cs吸附能力的强弱与土壤的质地、PH和有机质含量有关。随着~(134)Cs施入土壤的延迟和施人次数的增加,小麦对~(134)Cs的吸收也增加。~(134)Cs在土壤中迁移很少,90.4％集中在0—3cm的表土层;~(134)Cs在土壤-小麦中的分配比为97.9％:2.1％;小麦对土壤中~(134)Cs的富集系数为1.75。