玉米田N2O排放及减排措施研究

用封闭式箱法对玉米田Ｎ２Ｏ排放进行全年、系统的原位观测，发现Ｎ２Ｏ排放有明显的季节变化，主要排放期是在作物的生长季节，另主米植株能通过其根系的作用增加土壤向大气排放Ｎ２Ｏ，应用长效碳酸安和缓释尿素于玉米田中，在主等量氮的情况下，定时监测Ｎ２Ｏ排放量，结果表明，上一种长效肥料一普通尿素和碳酸氨铵相比，能明显减少土壤中Ｎ２Ｏ排放，并能提高玉米产量，此外还发现，在玉米生长的后期，它们在土壤中仍能保持较高     

诸葛菜下胚轴和子叶原生质体培养

以诸葛菜无菌苗的下胚轴和子叶组织为材料，分离原生质体，ＦＷ产量分别为５×１０８／ｇ和１×１０７／ｇ．下胚轴原生质体经纯化后在原生质体培养基中作液体浅层暗培养，培养密度为５×１０４／ｍＬ，培养第二天即出现第一次分裂，７～９ｄ后分裂频率约５０％，两周后出现大量细胞团；转入扩增培养基中，即扩增出大量小愈伤，植板率约为５％；愈伤转入分化培养基后即可诱导分化成苗，分化率达１００％，随后转到生根培养基中，即形成完整植株．子叶原生质体的培养方式与下胚轴原生质体培养基本相同，结果也类似．     

前混合式磨料射流清洗油管涂料的实验研究

研究结果表明，前混合式磨料射流清洗油管涂料的清洗效率随喷嘴直径的增大而增大，喷距、喷射角和颗粒直径最佳参数值分别为１５０ｍｍ、１２０℃（或６０℃）和０．８ｍｍ。     

黑加仑汁低糖果酱,果冻的配方

利用积压的黑加仑浓缩果汁生产黑加仑果酱、果冻。本文对原料、配方、成本和工艺条件进行了研究，确立了较好的生产配方。     

太原市PM2.5中有机磷阻燃剂初步研究:污染特征及季节变化

2013年10月至2014年7月,在太原城区,分4个月采集大气细颗粒物,每个月选取4个样品,分析了颗粒物上8种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)的浓度与组成。结果表明,大气PM2.5样品中OPFRs总浓度算术平均值为890±486 pg/m3,其中三种含氯有机磷阻燃剂(TCEP,TCPP和TDCPP)占总量的80%,其他5种无氯OPFRs占总量的20%。化合物组成上,以TCPP(38.5%)最高,其次分别为TCEP(34.6%)、TPP(9.6%)、TDCPP(6.9%)、TTP(5.1%)、TBP(3.2%)、Eh DPP(1.1%)和TEHP(0.8%)。季节变化来看,夏秋季样品中OPFRs浓度较高,而冬春样品浓度较低,且在化合物组成上,夏秋季样品中含氯OPFRs相对浓度要高于冬春季样品。相关分析显示,有机磷阻燃剂浓度变化与颗粒物浓度、有机质含量高低和环境温度无相关性,而主要与气团来源有关。     

狐尾藻体内金属元素与生化指标相关性

该文以沉水植物——轮叶狐尾藻为对象,将其暴露于砷浓度为0、0.005、0.015、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/L下进行培养7 d,定时取样测定植物叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质的含量,过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性等生理生化指标,并在收集上述样品测定植物中As和Ca、Mg、K、Na、Mn、Fe、Al、Cu、Zn、Mo等10种常见必需金属元素的含量。试验数据显示:不同砷浓度培养液下轮叶狐尾藻中必需金属元素含量的变化,而4个生理生化指标与金属元素之间存在一定的相关性,从而引起轮叶狐尾藻叶片中金属元素含量和生理生化指标随砷培养浓度变化而变化。     

Electrochemical Degradation of Chitosan Using Ti/Sb–SnO2 Electrode

The electrochemical degradation of chitosan using Ti/Sb–SnO₂ electrode was studied in this work. The experimental results showed that as a non-active electrode with high oxygen potential, Ti/Sb–SnO₂ electrode had a good efficiency for degrading chitosan. The kinetic behavior of electrochemical degradation of chitosan using Ti/Sb–SnO₂ electrode and the function relationship between experimental parameters and degradation rate constant were also investigated. The kinetic analysis revealed that this electrochemical process using Ti/Sb–SnO₂ electrode obeyed the zeroth–order reaction kinetics under the experimental conditions examined. The degradation rate constant at Ti/Sb–SnO₂ electrode had the linear relationship with 1.13 power of current density, ?1.36 power of initial concentration of chitosan and 0.19 power of concentration of acetic acid, The temperature dependences of the degradation rate constant could be expressed by the Arrhenius equation. The concentration of sodium acetate had a negligible influence on the degradation rate constant.     

Sandy desertification change and its driving forces in western Jilin Province, North China

This paper investigates the sandy desertification change between 1986 and 2000 in the western Jilin province, North China. Land use and land cover data were obtained from Landsat TM data by using a supervised classification approach. We summarized the total area of desertified land by each county, as well as the area for each of the four categories of desertified land. The changes of different types of land use and land cover between 1986 and 2000 were calculated and analyzed. Taking Tongyu and Qianan as examples, both human and natural driving forces of the sandy desertification were analyzed. Our analyses indicate that the material sources and windy, warm and dry climate are the immanent causes of potential land desertification, while the irrational human activities, such as deforestation, reclaiming and grazing in the grassland, are the external causes of potential land desertification. However, rational human activities, such as planting trees and restoring grassland can reverse the land desertification process. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in North China are put forward.     

淄博市空气污染物变化及其与气象条件的关系

近年来淄博市由于加强了对二氧化硫和粉尘等污染物排放企业脱硫除尘的监管,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫浓度呈现逐年下降趋势,而燃煤量和机动车保有量的逐年增加使氮氧化物浓度呈现波动式上升趋势;四季分明的气候条件使淄博市的空气污染程度在一、四季度高于二、三季度;同时污染物浓度和风速、湿度呈负相关,和温度、气压呈正相关。     

Simulating nitrate-nitrogen concentration from a subsurface drainage system in response to nitrogen application rates using RZWQM2

Computer models have been widely used to evaluate the impact of agronomic management on nitrogen (N) dynamics in subsurface drained fields. However, they have not been evaluated as to their ability to capture the variability of nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) concentration in subsurface drainage at a wide range of N application rates due to possible errors in the simulation of other system components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Root Zone Water Quality Model2 (RZWQM2) in simulating the response of NO(3)-N concentration in subsurface drainage to N application rate. A 16-yr field study conducted in Iowa at nine N rates (0-252 kg N ha(-1)) from 1989 to 2004 was used to evaluate the model, based on a previous calibration with data from 2005 to 2009 at this site. The results showed that the RZWQM2 model performed "satisfactorily" in simulating the response of NO(3)-N concentration in subsurface drainage to N fertilizer rate with 0.76, 0.49, and -3% for the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation, and percent bias, respectively. The simulation also identified that the N application rate required to achieve the maximum contaminant level for the annual average NO(3)-N concentration was similar to field-observed data. This study supports the use of RZWQM2 to predict NO(3)-N concentration in subsurface drainage at various N application rates once it is calibrated for the local condition.