人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验检测饮用水水质毒性研究

应用人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验对无锡充山水厂、中桥水厂,常州西石桥水厂进出水及金坛市拟用水源地长荡湖湖心水样的生物毒性进行了研究．结果表明,各水样的有机浓集物均可对人外周血淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的损伤,存在一定的遗传毒性．试验结果与各水样水质污染状况基本一致．同时,季节变化以及常规水处理过程对水样的生物毒性也有影响．研究表明,彗星试验可有效地用于检测饮用水质有机浓集物遗传毒性．     

2020年2月南宁市一次大气PM2.5污染成因分析

2020年1月31—2月2日新冠肺炎疫情期间,广西发生的一次区域性大气PM_2.5污染引发社会关注.以南宁市为例,利用在线气体组分及气溶胶监测系统（MARGA）、颗粒物激光雷达,结合地面气态污染物和气象数据卫星火点和后向轨迹等分析本次PM_2.5污染成因.依据空气质量分指数,将观测过程划分为优、良和污染3个时段.结果表明,污染时段与生物质焚烧相关的K⁺、Cl^-明显升高,K⁺、Cl^-平均浓度分别为优时段的3.6和17.0倍.3个时段8种水溶性离子总浓度占PM_2.5均在30%左右,3种二次水溶性离子浓度之和占8种离子总浓度的比例为83.33%~89.18%,二次无机组分占比高,与秸秆焚烧促进二次转化有关.二次水溶性离子浓度变化趋势与占比不一致,除了与秸秆燃烧排放特征有关,还与不同二次无机离子形成的机制及主要影响因素不同有关.秸秆焚烧火点集中分布在良时段的南宁市及周边城市,良时段秸秆露天焚烧直接排放大量颗粒物、气态污染物等,在污染时段边界层高度明显下降,湿度增加、静风等不利气象条件下积累,是造成疫情期间南宁市大气PM_2.5污染的主因.污染时段南宁市无明显的颗粒物垂直传输过程,近地面主要受到广东、广西北部湾偏南气流影响,区域污染传输小.     

Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese New Year in Nanning

Time-resolved single-particle measurements were conducted during Chinese New Year in Nanning, China. Firework displays resulted in a burst of SO_2, coarse mode, and accumulation mode(100–500 nm) particles. Through single particle mass spectrometry analysis, five different types of particles(fireworks-metal, ash, dust, organic carbon-sulfate(OC-sulfate), biomass burning) with different size distributions were identified as primary emissions from firework displays. The fireworks-related particles accounted for more than70% of the total analyzed particles during severe firework detonations. The formation of secondary particulate sulfate and nitrate during firework events was investigated on single particle level. An increase of sulfite peak(80SO_3~-) followed by an increase of sulfate peaks(97HSO_4~-+ 96SO_4~-) in the mass spectra during firework displays indicated the aqueous uptake and oxidation of SO_2 on particles. High concentration of gaseous SO_2, high relative humidity and high particle loading likely promoted SO_2 oxidation. Secondary nitrate formed through gas-phase oxidation of NO_2 to nitric acid, followed by the condensation into particles as ammonium nitrate. This study shows that under worm, humid conditions, both primary and secondary aerosols contribute to the particulate air pollution during firework displays.     

Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

A novel illite@carbon (I@C) nanocomposite adsorbent has been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) using glucose as carbonaceous source and illite as the carrier. The morphology, microstructure and surface properties of the prepared nanocomposite adsorbent were analyzed by FESEM, TGA, XRD, FT-IR and Zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were carried out on the adsorption of Cr(VI) to determine the adsorption properties of the composite. The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the I@C nanocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Compared with the illite and carbon material (SC) separately, the prepared I@C nanocomposite adsorbent exhibited enhanced adsorption performance for Cr(VI) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic based on the adsorption thermodynamics study. The adsorption of Cr(VI) by I@C was highly pH-dependent and the optimum adsorption occurred at pH 2.0. The Zeta potential analysis results indicated that the electrostatic interactions between anionic Cr(VI) and the positively charged surface of the adsorbent might be critical to the adsorption mechanism. This study demonstrated that the I@C nanocomposite should be a promising candidate for a low-cost, environmental friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI) from wastewater.     

长江中游平原湖区的农业发展潜力

随着上海浦东开放和三峡工程上马，长江中游平原湖区的农业生产地位更趋重要。由于全区垦殖率较高。后备耕地较少，农业自然资源外延挖潜只能依赖养殖水域开发和湖洲资源利用；在耕地规模扩大潜力有限的情况下，改造中低产田、提高单产，发展冬季农业与旱作农业、增加复种，已是商品基地生产内涵挖潜的关键。在此基础上，初步框算了区域主要农产品的生产潜力及潜在人口支持能力。指出政策落实，科技进步，资金保证，环境改善，是区域农业生产综合挖潜的根本条件。     

劳动环境与安全

劳动环境，对劳动者的生理、心理产生着直接影响。而一些企业发生了工伤事故，往往却强调操作者的责任，很少从劳动场所的噪音、空间、空气、照明、尘埃等劳动环境去作综合评价考虑。恰好正是这些环境因素，像一只无形的手，支配和干扰着人们的思想、情绪和行为。     

An effective approach to improve ethanol productivity by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw

Fuel ethanol was produced using rice straw with the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method. The influence of cellulose liquefaction pretreatment and Fe²⁺ quantity on ethanol productivity was investigated in detail. At the same time, the optimized conditions including fermentation temperature, Fe²⁺ amount, yeast inoculation quantity, and the inoculated cellulose enzyme dosage in the SSF process were systematically investigated by analyzing fuel ethanol yield. The result indicated that fuel ethanol yield was 0.319 g per gram rice straw by SSF approach when appropriate amount of Fe²⁺ was added into the reaction system. The optimal technology parameters were: fermenting temperature of 36°C, Fe²⁺ amount of 4 mg · g^?1, inoculating proportion of 20%, cellulose enzyme of 20 IU · g^?1, and Pachysolen tannophilu/saecharomyces cerevisiae of 1:2 ratio. The ethanol yield under the best conditions was larger than that of the control group. We hope that this research can facilitate to achieve large-scale comprehensive utilization for rice straw.     

淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物赋存特征分析及生态风险评价

采用气相色谱质谱法对淄博市16家代表性污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的赋存状况进行了分析研究,并运用风险商值(RQ)法对污泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的含量为1.35~35.89 mg/kg,平均值为11.48 mg/kg,不同有机污染物百分含量排序为邻苯二甲酸酯>苯酚类>卤代烃类>PAHs>硝基苯类>胺类>氯苯类>苯系物>硝基酚类=氯酚类>醚类。与其他地区相比,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中各类有机污染物的含量总体处于中低水平。此外,同一区县内的不同污水处理厂污泥中的有机污染物含量相近、种类及分布特征相似,不同区县间的有机污染物含量差异显著。风险评价结果显示,除极少数污水处理厂污泥中的萘、苊、芴、芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、总PAHs(∑PAHs)处于高风险水平外,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中的PAHs单体、∑PAHs总体处于中低风险水平。     

压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火的有效性研究

压缩空气泡沫灭火技术是一项新型灭火技术,为验证压缩空气泡沫系统与蛋白泡沫灭火剂结合使用时是否可以成为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术,开展了压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火有效性试验.在对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的泡沫性能进行分析的基础上,进一步采用标准油盘火试验模型对压缩空气蛋白泡沫的灭火性能进行评估,并与吸气式泡沫产生系统进行了对比.试验结果表明压缩空气蛋白泡沫具有优异的泡沫性能,同时具备抑制非水溶性液体火的有效性,可以作为含PFOS泡沫灭火剂的替代技术.     

悬浮载体SBR工艺处理生活污水实验室研究

以生活污水为研究对象,研究将悬浮载体生物处理技术引入SBR工艺中的可行性,以及填充率对CODcr-NH3-N去除率的影响。试验结果表明,悬浮载体生物处理技术引入SBR工艺可以使去除效率提高10个百分点以上;同时发现在30％填充率时,CODcr、NH3-N的去除率分别可达87．0％、91．5％以上。其出水CODcr和NH3-N指标可达到生活杂用水水质指标。