链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)对吡啶的降解特性

从焦化废水的活性污泥中分离出对溶液中吡啶具有降解效果的链霉菌（Streptomyces sp．）,考察了吡啶初始质量浓度、初始pH、降解温度、振荡速度等对吡啶降解效果的影响,初步探讨了该菌降解吡啶的动力学与机理。实验结果表明,该菌对吡啶有很强的耐受力,能以吡啶为惟一碳源和氮源生长。链霉菌在初始pH=8、降解温度30℃、振荡速度100r／min的条件下培养7d后,吡啶的质量浓度从250mg/L降至6．6mg/L,吡啶降解率达97．4％。该菌对吡啶的降解反应符合一级动力学方程,初始质量浓度为100mg／L时的吡啶降解速率常数为0．4011d^-1。紫外一可见光谱分析表明,吡啶经该菌降解后的特征环被破坏。     

江苏省矿业循环经济

论述了矿业循环经济的定义和内涵、矿业循环经济与传统矿业经济的区别、矿业循环经济中的原则及技术载体,分析了江苏省发展矿业循环经济的有利条件,指出了矿业循环经济的重点技术,构建了生态示范区建设的指标体系及给出了重点建设的矿业循环经济生态示范区,简述了江苏省发展矿业循环经济的成就,提出了发展矿业循环经济的措施及建议。     

Occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic carbons in sludges from wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong, China

In this study, the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in six sludge samples collected from Guangdong Province, China. Concentrations of PAHs varying from 2,534.1 to 6,926.6 μg kg^???1 (dry sludge) were observed in three municipal wastewater treatment plants with phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene, and pyrene being the main compounds. In addition, 682.6 μg kg^???1 PAHs were detected in one sludge sample from a food processing plant, with fluorene, Phe, and chrysene being the main components. No PAHs were detected in sludge samples obtained from two cosmetic plants. The levels and distributional characteristics of PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic musks (PMs) from the samples were also compared. The results of this comparison indicated that petrochemical refineries and road traffic played important roles in the PAH loads in sludge, while PMs primarily originated from domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater from cosmetic plants. Finally, the presence of 98.8 μg kg^???1 PCBs in sludge suggested diffusional emission sources from electrical components containing PCBs.     

Chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in surface sediment from Taihu Lake, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake--an important water supply of the Yangtze River Delta, China--were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.91 to 4.8 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 2.9 pg TEQ g(-1) dw, TEQ: Toxic Equivalent), which were all higher than the threshold effect level established by interim sediment quality guidelines in Canada (0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) dw). The levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 0.52 pg TEQ g(-1) dw) and accounted for 5-33% (mean: 14%) of the total PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs TEQ. Comparatively, the abundance of sedimentary PCDD/Fs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region, while no significant difference was observed among their 2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs levels, which suggested that the sources of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs differed in this area. Principal component analysis suggested that the historical production/usage of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate was the dominant source of PCDD/Fs in the sediment of these regions. Although the specific sources of PBDD/Fs in the sediment of Taihu Lake were unclear, it was suspected to be due to atmospheric deposition; however, an additional study is needed to confirm this.     

环境监测报告(记录)的审核原则和方法

从实际工作出发,提出了审核原始记录、数字型监测报告（报表）和文字型监测报告的审核原则和方法。     

Baseline values for metals in soils on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica: the extent of anthropogenic pollution

Metal contents (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn) have been measured in 30 surface soils on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, yielding values (in milligrams kilogram(-1)) of 41.57-80.65 (Zn), 2.76-60.52 (Pb), 0.04-0.34 (Cd), 7.18-25.03 (Ni), 43,255-70,534 (Fe), 449-1,401 (Mn), 17.10-64.90 (Cr), 1,440-25,684 (Mg), 10,941-49,354 (Ca), 51.10-176.50 (Cu), 4,388-12,707 (Ti), 28,038-83,849 (Al), and for Hg (in nanograms gram(-1)) 0.01-0.06. Relative cumulative frequency analysis was used to determine the baseline values for the 13 metals. Compared with adjacent areas in Antarctica, Mg and Ni are significantly lower, but Cu is significantly higher than that of McMurdo Station. Enrichment factor analysis and the geo-accumulation index method were applied in order to determine the extent of anthropogenic contamination, and both show that Pb, Cd, and Hg have been significantly increased by human activities. Principal component analysis was used to identify the sources of metals in these soil samples.     

环境污染物计算毒理学分析及环境行为模拟研究进展

根据国内外研究报道,系统地总结了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境科学领域的研究进展,包括二者的概念、理论、研究方法以及在环境研究中的应用;分析了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在发展中所面临的挑战,并提出对策;展望了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境研究中的发展前景。     

中型景观尺度下斑块类型和地理特征影响杨树人工林干部病害的发生——以河南省清丰县为例

景观病理学在开展病原扩散、病害发生及其严重程度方面以其全新的视角,为森林病害的区域控制提供了新的研究技术及理论支持。首次利用景观病理学原理和方法对河南省清丰县一个中型景观下杨树人工林干部病害发生特征开展了研究,目的是解析在大尺度下斑块类型和地理特征对杨树人工林病害发生的影响。在100 km2的调查区域,以种植方式和林分类型划分斑块类型,分析显示发病株率在不同斑块间差异显著：农田间作斑块的林木发病株率显著低于孤立斑块、纯林斑块、混交林等斑块的发病株率;但发病株率在孤立斑块、纯林斑块及混交林等斑块间无显著差异。抚育管理措施对预防和减轻杨树人工林干部病害的发生起到关键左右：精细管理林分（有修枝、施肥和锄草）的林木发病株率（p=0.001）和发病指数（p〈0.001）均显著低于粗放管理林分（无修枝、无施肥和锄草等）。人类活动,如无序修剪和放牧很可能是造成村落附近林分发病率显著高于其他地点林分的主要原因。采用logistic回归,以品种编号、树龄、树高、林分密度、林分郁闭度、林分类型、斑块类型、地理特征,等为自变量建立病害发生预测模型。方程拟合达到极显著水平（Wald=71.248,p〈0.001）。方程总的预测正确率为68.2%,发病的预测正确率为79.8%。     

水稻“早育间作”技术与结果分析

本文以提高光热资源利用率、人工改变秧田微气候条件，提早中稻播期为突破口，辅之以提早移栽期和间种优质懦稻等系列配套技术措施，促成了前季中稻的早熟、高产、早收，同时又为后季再生稻创造了必要的时间和温光条件，从而使水稻单产提高２０％以上。     

低温湿式空气氧化法处理废碱液的研究

对采用低温湿式空气氧化法处理炼油和乙烯废碱液进行了研究。考察了停留时间对废碱液中硫化物的氧化、氧化产物的形态、COD和酚去除率的影响，反应温度对废碱液中污染物氧化反应的影响。试验结果表明，废碱液的脱臭效果很好，S^2-的氧化产物以S2O3^2-和SO4^2-2种形式共存；酚、COD的去除率及S^2-的氧化反应停留时间影响小，受反应温度影响明显；废碱液的S^2-的酚浓度相当时，COD去除率一 般低于40％， 废碱液的S^2-浓度远大于酚浓度时，废碱液的COD去除率为40％－70％；废碱液中酚的质量浓度大于20000mg/L时才有回收价值。