臭氧/Mn2+催化降解水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸

以Mn2 为催化剂与臭氧联合降解除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D).考察了反应温度、pH、2,4-D初始浓度和臭氧气体流量等因素对2,4-D降解效果的影响.pH对2,4-D降解效果影响很大,当pH=2.0、反应5 min时,2,4-D的去除率达99.8%;当pH=10.1、反应20min时,2,4-D的去除率仅为50.0%.反应温度升高、臭氧气体流量增加、2,4-D初始浓度降低均有助于2,4-D降解速率的提高.单独臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.170 min-1;催化臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.295min-1,是单独臭氧氧化的1.74倍.2,4-D的Mn2 催化臭氧反应遵循拟一级反应动力学方程.     

烟气平均流速自动测量及其自动检测装置

通过对烟道"速度场常数"的研究,提出了利用速度场常数监测烟道烟气平均流速的方法,同时研制出速度场常数自动检测装置.解决了烟道烟气平均流速自动监测的技术难题.经实践检验:所研究的监测方法正确,检测装置结构合理,监测结果稳定、可靠.     

污水处理厂脱氮效果及相关参数的分析

通过对长沙某污水处理厂进行24 h水质、水量的监测,分析了其Carrousel氧化沟处理污水的特点.从脱氮的原理出发,结合流速、溶解氧等运行参数的考察,发现造成脱氮效果不好的主要原因是沟内缺少厌氧区段,提出改进措施,从宏观改善流体的流动人手,以达到调控溶解氧传递的目的,既而促进微观的硝化与反硝化反应,提高污水处理效果.     

奇异变形杆菌TJ-1产絮凝剂的培养基优化研究

从活性污泥中分离出1株新型高效产絮凝剂菌TJ-1,经16S rDNA相似性分析鉴定为奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis),这是首次发现奇异变形杆菌能产微生物絮凝剂,对其进行了产絮凝剂培养条件优化研究.结果表明,TJ-1菌产絮凝剂的最佳培养基成分为:葡萄糖10g,蛋白胨1g,MgS040.3g,KH2PO42g,K2HP04 5g,去离子水1L,pH=7.0.絮凝实验结果表明,该菌在最佳培养条件下所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬液的絮凝率达到92%.     

A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to eco-environmental vulnerability assessment for the danjiangkou reservoir area,China

The Danjiangkou reservoir lies in the upper Hanjiang basin and is the source of water for the Middle Route Project (MRP) under the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China. The eco-environment of water resource areas plays an important role in water conservation and purification and would have significant implications for the economic prosperity in Hanjiang basin as well as for the SNWT. Focusing on the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area (DRA), this study established an environmental information system database. Based on the database, an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment method using integrated fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and GIS was developed for the DRA. According to eco-environmental conditions and anthropic effects, vulnerability was classified into five levels: potential, light, medium, heavy and very heavy. The eco-environmental vulnerability distribution and major problems of the eco-environment were analysed and discussed. The results indicated that eco-environmental vulnerability in the DRA was moderate overall. Regions with lower eco-environmental vulnerability were located in Qinling Mountain area in the northwest, Daba Mountain area in the south and the area immediately surrounding Danjiangkou Reservoir in the east. Two regions with very high eco-environmental vulnerability were located in the north of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Henan province and in the western part of Shanxi province. On the basis of analysis of distribution of the different factors of eco-environmental vulnerability, different environmental protection measures were proposed for different areas. This study demonstrated that the proposed method was an effective approach for the assessment of environmental vulnerability. The results gained closely reflected the reality of the eco-environmental vulnerability of the DRA.     

Effects of different carbon sources on the removal of ciprofloxacin and pollutants by activated sludge: Mechanism and biodegradation

This research investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin(CIP)(0.5, 5, and 20 mg/L) on SBR systems under different carbon source conditions. Microbial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, respectively.The biodegradation production of CIP and possible degradation mechanism were also studied. Results showed that CIP had adverse effects on the nutrient removal from wastewater.Compared with sodium acetate, glucose could be more effective...     

水泥工业清洁生产与环境保护初探

水泥工业是个能耗高、污染物排放量大的重污染行业,其对环境的污染主要是粉尘污染。在水泥厂实施清洁生产的潜力很大,不仅可以降低能耗、物耗,减少污染物的排放,同时,由于加强了管理,有助于提高生产效率,提高产品质量,降低生产成本,增强市场竞争力,可产生明显的经济、环境和社会效益     

水体中农药与氢氧基的反应活性及持久性的关系

在自然水体光化学反应中。．ＯＨ是一活跃的自由基,本文阐述了一种测定０膛药与．ＯＨ反应速率的方法及体系,测定了十种中国,美国水田常用农药与．ＯＨ的反应速率;在室内及中国,美国稻田条件下,测定了几种具代表性常用农药的降解速率,并与．ＯＨ反应速率进行比较。     

石墨探针直接收集、石墨探针炉原子吸收法测定APM中痕量银

本文采用一定气孔性的石墨探针直接收集大气颗粒物（APM）,然后用石墨探针炉原子吸收法直接测定收集在探针上的APM中痕量银。实验表明:峰面积吸光度与银的浓度在0—120ng·ml~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,银的特征量为6.75pg,检测限（3σ）为11.74pg,RSD（n=11）为3.92％,分析标准物质NBS1648（城市颗粒物）,其回收率和RSD（n=5）分别为90.2—105.0％和6.0％,证明此法准确、灵敏、快速、简便。     

The impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) on abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) embryonic development

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) embryonic development were investigated by exposing the fertilized eggs to four different concentrations of BPA (0.05, 0.2, 2 and 10 μg mL⁻¹). Toxicity endpoints including the embryo development parameters, the physiological features and the expression profile of several reference genes (prohormone convertase 1, PC1; cyclin B, CB; and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, CDK1) were assessed. The results showed that BPA could markedly reduce embryo hatchability, increase developmental malformation, and suppress the metamorphosis behavior of larvae. The possible toxicological mechanisms hidden behind of these effects (i.e. disturbing the embryogenesis) might result from three aspects: (1) BPA disturbance the cellular ionic homeostasis and osmoregulation of abalone embryos by changing the Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase levels; (2) BPA induced oxidative damage of embryos by significantly alterating the peroxidase (POD) activities and the malondialdehyde (MDA) production; and (3) the RT-PCR analysis further demonstrated that BPA perturbed the cellular endocrine regulation and cell cycle progression by down-regulating the PC1 gene, as well as over-expressing the CB and CDK1 genes. This is the first comprehensive study on the developmental toxicity of BPA to the marine abalone at morphological, physiological and molecular levels. The results in this study also indicated that the embryo tests can contribute to the ecological risk assessment of the endocrine disruptors in marine environment.