Progress in the ecology and conservation of giant pandas

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation is a possible success story in the making. If extinction of this iconic endangered species can be avoided, the species will become a showcase program for the Chinese government and its collaborators. We reviewed the major advancements in ecological science for the giant panda, examining how these advancements have contributed to panda conservation. Pandas’ morphological and behavioral adaptations to a diet of bamboo, which bear strong influence on movement ecology, have been well studied, providing knowledge to guide management actions ranging from reserve design to climate change mitigation. Foraging ecology has also provided essential information used in the creation of landscape models of panda habitat. Because habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of the panda population decline, efforts have been made to help identify core habitat areas, establish where habitat corridors are needed, and prioritize areas for protection and restoration. Thus, habitat models have provided guidance for the Chinese governments’ creation of 67 protected areas. Behavioral research has revealed a complex and efficient communication system and documented the need for protection of habitat that serves as a communication platform for bringing the sexes together for mating. Further research shows that den sites in old‐growth forests may be a limiting resource, indicating potential value in providing alternative den sites for rearing offspring. Advancements in molecular ecology have been revolutionary and have been applied to population census, determining population structure and genetic diversity, evaluating connectivity following habitat fragmentation, and understanding dispersal patterns. These advancements form a foundation for increasing the application of adaptive management approaches to move panda conservation forward more rapidly. Although the Chinese government has made great progress in setting aside protected areas, future emphasis will be improved management of pandas and their habitat.     

湖南木兰科植物资源的调查研究

本文分析了湖南木兰科分布的自然条件,结合其形态性状讨论了它们的分类学问题、地理分布特点、资源状况以及自然生长状况。文末提出了湖南省木兰科的保护植物名单。     

絮凝浮选剂PS-01的研究

为了提高油田采油（气）污水处理能力,胜利油田开发研制出新型絮凝浮选剂ＰＳ－０１,以聚合铝为主,配以常用的助凝剂二氧化硅气溶胶,工业用硫酸镁等,按比例混合在一起配置而成。在试验中将它们与油田内广泛使用的絮凝浮选剂ＳＧ－０１,ＪＸ－０１,ＮＡ－１等进行比较。结果表明：ＰＳ－０１絮凝浮选剂的原料来源广泛,合成工艺简单,易于操作;对采油（气）污水处理效果好,加药量少,处理成本低;应用的ｐＨ范围较宽,反应迅速,可缩短混合反应时间;适用性强,低温时效果不受影响;对投药设备的腐蚀性小,性质稳定,无沉淀产生;同时各种原料的不同配比对絮凝浮选效果影响很大,要控制好比例。     

分光光度法测定COD_(Cr)的试验条件选择

用分光光度法测定水中化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,通过正交试验选择氧化的最佳选择。试验结果表明对ＣＯＤＣｒ值为５０～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的水样：氧化剂Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７用量为０．２０～０．４０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,催化剂Ａｇ２ＳＯ４用量为１０ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４,消解时间１０ｍｉｎ,加热温度１８０℃。用ＣＯＤＣｒ为１３８ｍｇ／Ｌ的质控标样进行验证试验,其绝对误差为０．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。与标准方法相比用分光光度法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ具有分析误差小,省时、省力,节约药剂的特点。     

MB1870型球磨机噪声治理

球磨机运转时噪声很大,不仅生产操作时工人难以承受,而且对周围居民的生活环境造成严重污染.我们采用约束型粘弹阻尼结构减震,并结合吸声、隔声和消声技术进行综合治理,取得了良好的降噪效果.     

危机管理体制构建与政府职能转变--后非典时期对于突发公共灾害处置的思考

本文以公共卫生危机和社会突发事件为个案,以政府面对这些危机所面临的挑战和取得的经验为研究对象,分析公共危机产生的原因和基本特征,提出了面对公共危机时应建立政府危机管理的预警系统,建立快速反应机制,动员社会参与危机救治,加强信息流通,加强公共危机的法制化建设.     

城镇生活污水就近引浇防沙治沙工程林

城镇生活污水排入水体 ,严重影响水资源的使用价值。沙漠地区因缺水 ,造成许多地方造林失败。本文提出了将城镇生活污水就近引浇防沙治沙工程林的构想 ,并从经济和环境影响两个方面详细论述了该方案的比较优势     

超临界水氧化有机废水动力学分析

根据推流式超临界水氧化 (SCWO)反应器处理有机废水的动力学方程式 ,结合近年来超临界水氧化降解各种有机废水的实验研究情况 ,对超临界水氧化有机废水的反应动力学影响因素进行了综合分析 ,同时指出了该技术在有机废水处理中的应用优势和存在问题。     

二相厌氧-混凝法处理制浆造纸综合废水的工艺设计及调试

湖南某造纸厂采用二相厌氧 混凝法处理制浆造纸综合废水取得了显著效果 ,CODCr排放总量削减率达 80 % ,水体水质明显改善。本文介绍了该工程的工艺设计及调试。     

湿热法处理实现厨余垃圾饲料化的研究

探索了湿热法工艺处理厨余垃圾并将其饲料化的可行性.实验表明,湿热法处理可以在满足消毒杀菌的同时,降低厨余原料中的高油脂含量和高含盐量,调节营养成分,实现物化性状的均一.经湿热法处理后的厨余垃圾的饲用价值得到明显改善,可作为良好的饲料原料,同时可回收利用油脂.总之,湿热法工艺可实现厨余垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化处理,对于消除环境污染、缓解我国饲料原料紧张及资源回收利用等方面有着显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,具有重要的现实意义.