水膜除尘装置的技术改造

针对水膜除尘器在实际应用中存在的除尘效率低，风机带水，系统阻力大等问题，在分析原因的基础上，对文丘里洗涤器、除尘器等进行了技术改造。实践证明，改造后除尘器的除尘效率达到95％，烟尘质量浓度为72－93mg/m^3，低于国家排放标准。     

油田酸化作业井硫化氢防治措施探讨

硫化氢是一种无色、剧毒气体,属于一级危害物质,在安塞油田酸化作业中,部分井产生硫化氢。为保证酸化时现场作业人员的安全,本文介绍了安塞油田酸化作业过程中H2S气体的产生机理,并从化学角度分析H2S气体防治措施,为降低酸化作业安全风险提供技术保障。     

鸭粪和环丙沙星对潮土微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了评价鸭粪中残留的环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,布置培养试验,设五个处理,分别是Ⅰ:CK(对照)、Ⅱ:CIP(人工添加的CIP)、Ⅲ:DF(添加不含抗生素的鸭粪)、Ⅳ:DF+CIP(在Ⅲ的基础上再外源添加CIP)、Ⅴ:DF(CIP)(粪源CIP即含有CIP的鸭粪),培养81 d。借助Biolog技术研究了不同来源的CIP对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,培养1 d后,反映土壤微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)表现为DFDF+CIPDF(CIP)CKCIP,说明环丙沙星对土壤微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用,且随着培养时间的延长其抑制作用减弱;添加鸭粪显著增强了土壤微生物活性和群落功能多样性;与人工添加进鸭粪中的环丙沙星相比,粪源环丙沙星对微生物活性的抑制作用更强,并显著降低了土壤中利用碳源微生物的物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)、优势度指数(Ds)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S);在培养过程中,土壤微生物利用的主要碳源种类随培养时间延长有所变化,初期利用的主要是糖类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类以及氨基酸类,后期主要是糖类和羧酸类。     

Development of MODIS data-based algorithm for retrieving sea surface temperature in coastal waters

A new algorithm was developed for retrieving sea surface temperature (SST) in coastal waters using satellite remote sensing data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua platform. The new SST algorithm was trained using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method and tested using 8 years of remote sensing data from MODIS Aqua sensor and in situ sensing data from the US coastal waters in Louisiana, Texas, Florida, California, and New Jersey. The ANN algorithm could be utilized to map SST in both deep offshore and particularly shallow nearshore waters at the high spatial resolution of 1 km, greatly expanding the coverage of remote sensing-based SST data from offshore waters to nearshore waters. Applications of the ANN algorithm require only the remotely sensed reflectance values from the two MODIS Aqua thermal bands 31 and 32 as input data. Application results indicated that the ANN algorithm was able to explaining 82–90% variations in observed SST in US coastal waters. While the algorithm is generally applicable to the retrieval of SST, it works best for nearshore waters where important coastal resources are located and existing algorithms are either not applicable or do not work well, making the new ANN-based SST algorithm unique and particularly useful to coastal resource management.     

福建惠安核电厂址SF6示踪试验研究

2 0 0 2年 7月在福建惠安核电拟选厂址复杂地形进行了 15次SF6示踪试验 .试验发现 ,在不同天气条件下 ,SF6烟羽呈现过宽、过窄扩散及越山、绕流等现象 .将此次试验推荐的扩散参数与P G扩散参数系及其它实验结果进行了比较分析 .     

地面苔藓对成都大气沉降重金属污染的监测

采用微波消解、ICP-AES对成都市一环至三环区域内15个取样点处5种地面苔藓植物体内重金属质量分数进行测定和分析,以监测和研究成都市大气沉降重金属污染状况及区域差异。结果表明：苔藓植物对重金属的富集在种间及种内差异显著,5种苔藓对Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、As及Ni有较强的吸收能力,大小顺序为立碗藓(Physcomitrium sphaericum (Ludw.) Fuernr.)>地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L.)>鳞叶藓(Taxiphyllum taxirameum(Mitt.) Fleisch.)>柔叶青藓（Brachythecium moriense Besch.)>尖叶美喙藓（Eurhynchium eustegium（Besch.）Dix.）。对其中具有代表性的3种苔藓植物进行种内比较发现,对于立碗藓,人民公园的 Cd、Zn 质量分数最高,三洞古桥公园有最高质量分数的 Cr、Ni、Cu 及较高的 Pb,而塔子山公园的Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr及As质量分数最小;地钱对Pb、Cd、Cu、及As的积累量在人民公园达到最大,大多数重金属质量分数的最小值出现在成都理工大学;在鳞叶藓中,新阵地高尔夫俱乐部的Cd、Zn、Cr及Pb质量分数高于其余样点,东陂体育公园As质量分数最高,相反三洞古桥公园处多数重金属质量分数最小。各样点以Ni污染最重,Pb、Cr、Cu、As属污染中等,Cd和Zn污染较轻,且大气沉降重金属质量分数表现为中心城区、交通繁忙区及工业区高,郊区较低的特点。与2005年相比,成都市大气重金属污染依旧严峻,重金属质量分数呈现新的空间分布,Ni、Cr质量分数明显增加。因此,立碗藓、地钱和鳞叶藓可作为良好的生物指示植物,以此来监测成都市大气重金属污染状况。     

利用啤酒废水所产微生物絮凝剂处理靛蓝印染废水的研究

以啤酒废水为培养基，利用其中的碳源和能源，对复合菌群进行发酵培养，制得微生物絮凝剂。将此絮凝剂处理靛蓝印染废水．系统研究了pH、微生物絮凝剂用量和助凝剂（1?Cl2溶液）用量对处理效果的影响，得出了微生物絮凝剂去除CODCr和脱色的最佳工艺条件，并对该絮凝剂的絮凝机理进行了初步探讨。     

Increasing tree cover while losing diverse natural forests in tropical Hainan,China

To protect biodiversity and improve environmental conditions, China has invested billions of dollars in reforestation and payments for ecosystem service programs. Here, we examine the Sloping Land Conversion Program, the largest such program in the world and found that after 13 years of implementation at our study site, it has had negative impacts on natural tropical forests. GIS and remote sensing techniques revealed that both natural forests and natural shrub and grasslands were replaced by non-native monocultural plantations on Hainan Island, China, a key tropical biodiversity hotspot. Under current Chinese policy, these plantations are classified simply as “forests”, with the assumption that they are equivalent to natural forests. This lack of a distinction in forest quality has led to substantial deforestation and plantation expansion, including encroachment into protected areas on Hainan. Additional social and economic drivers of these changes were identified by examining the participants in this program and their actions. Without a new ecologically based definition of forests and new goals for reforestation, such programs designed to improve ecosystem services, and forest quality may actually threaten remaining natural forests and other vegetation types in Hainan and in other areas of mainland China.     

福建省沿海赤红壤区生态农业建设途径

通过种草、营林、治水和保土改善生态环境，逐步优化农业生产结构，建立高效种植业，提高耕地持久生产力，保护农业生物生产机能，开发果树生产，增强畜牧业，加工利用农副产品，解决农村生活能源，发展庭院生态经济等，探讨建设持续高效的农业生态系统，使沿海旱地农业得到整体发展。