Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids with aryl halides in water

An efficient Suzuki cross-coupling reaction using a variety of aryl halides in neat water was developed. The Pd-catalyzed reaction between aryl bromides or chlorides and phenyl bo-ronic acids was compatible with various functional groups and affords biphenyls in good to excellent yields without requirement of organic cosolvents. The air stability and solubility in water of the palladium-phosphinous acid complexes were considered to facilitate operation of the coupling reaction and product isolation. The reaction conditions including Pd catalyst selection, temperature, base and catalyst recoverability were also investigated.     

2012年全球危险化学品运输事故统计分析

对2012年全球发生的危险化学品运输事故从事故时间、事故类型、事故物质、事故原因等多角度进行了统计分析,结果表明:公路运输事故7、12月份发生最多;泄漏、爆炸是危险化学品运输事故最常见的事故类型;挖掘破坏、其他外力破坏是造成管输事故的主要原因;人的失误和车辆故障是造成交通运输事故的主要原因。提出了预防事故发生的建议措施。     

氢氧化镧大孔水凝胶对磷的吸附特征研究

该文以绿色环保的低共熔单体为溶剂,采用前端聚合法制备了一种氢氧化镧大孔水凝胶(PAM-LH水凝胶),并探讨了PAM-LH水凝胶对磷的吸附效果及机理.结果 表明,当PAM-LH水凝胶中氢氧化镧含量为5％(w)时,磷的吸附效果最佳,吸附容量达19.45 mg/g.Langmuir等温吸附方程拟合结果较好(p＜0.01),表明PAM-LH水凝胶对磷的吸附主要以单分子层吸附为主;吸附动力学方程拟合结果表明,内扩散过程为PAM-LH水凝胶对磷吸附速率的主要限制因子.SEM扫描电镜、红外光谱、能谱分析表明,PAM-LH水凝胶的吸附机理是以化学吸附为主.     

磁化水灭尘的研究

阐述了磁化水灭尘的机理,分析了实验结果,确定了工业实施的技术途径,为工业防尘增添了新的技术措施.     

鸭粪和环丙沙星对潮土微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了评价鸭粪中残留的环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,布置培养试验,设五个处理,分别是Ⅰ:CK(对照)、Ⅱ:CIP(人工添加的CIP)、Ⅲ:DF(添加不含抗生素的鸭粪)、Ⅳ:DF+CIP(在Ⅲ的基础上再外源添加CIP)、Ⅴ:DF(CIP)(粪源CIP即含有CIP的鸭粪),培养81 d。借助Biolog技术研究了不同来源的CIP对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,培养1 d后,反映土壤微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)表现为DFDF+CIPDF(CIP)CKCIP,说明环丙沙星对土壤微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用,且随着培养时间的延长其抑制作用减弱;添加鸭粪显著增强了土壤微生物活性和群落功能多样性;与人工添加进鸭粪中的环丙沙星相比,粪源环丙沙星对微生物活性的抑制作用更强,并显著降低了土壤中利用碳源微生物的物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)、优势度指数(Ds)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S);在培养过程中,土壤微生物利用的主要碳源种类随培养时间延长有所变化,初期利用的主要是糖类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类以及氨基酸类,后期主要是糖类和羧酸类。     

Response of mercury accumulation to anthropogenic pollution in the past 1000 years based on Lake Huguangyan sediments,Southern China

A new ²¹⁰Pb-dated record of Hg accumulation derived from a sediment core from a Hg-enriched area in Huguangyan Lake (HGY) in South China is presented. Based on synthetic analyses of multi-proxy records including chemical composition, total organic matter, and grain-size distribution in surface sediments and nearby soil samples, it is inferred that the influx of Hg into the lake is mainly a result of atmospheric deposition, with no or minor hydroclimate-induced lithogenic input from the catchment and limited adsorption effects of organic matter and clay. Significantly enhanced anthropogenic input of Hg started in the early 1900s. Since then, several anomalies of Hg accumulation have been the results of wars or intensified economic activities in China. HGY sediments provide a rare and reliable natural archive for detecting atmospheric Hg deposition, which is closely related to anthropogenic activities.

     

信息素调控质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因接合转移机制研究进展

粪肠球菌是一种在自然环境中广泛存在的革兰氏阳性细菌.由于其特殊的耐药机制及高频率的耐药基因转移方式,导致了环境中耐药粪肠球菌的广泛传播,生态安全形势严峻.其中,信息素应答质粒介导的粪肠球菌耐药基因的接合转移是造成粪肠球菌耐药基因快速扩散的重要方式.本文回顾了近些年关于信息素应答质粒接合转移的研究成果,分析总结了接合转移的必要条件、正负调控信息素对接合转移的调节作用,并以携带四环素抗性的质粒pCF10为例简要探讨了接合转移相关基因、蛋白的调控机制,旨在更加全面地揭示粪肠球菌的耐药基因传播机制,为耐药细菌的基因转移机制研究提供参考.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal and microbial analysis in partially saturated constructed wetland for treating anaerobically digested swine wastewater

Anaerobically digested swine wastewater was treated by a novel constructed wetland. Tidal operation was better for total nitrogen removal than intermittent flow. Mechanism of nitrogen removal by biozeolite-based constructed wetland was discussed. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were determined in zeolite layer. Nitrogen removal of wastewater containing high-strength ammonium by the constructed wetlands (CWs) has been paid much attention. In this study, the ability of a partially saturated CW to treat anaerobically-digested decentralized swine wastewater under varying operating parameters from summer to winter was investigated. The partially saturated CW achieved better NH₄⁺-N and TN removal by tidal flow than intermittent flow. With surface loading rates of 0.108, 0.027, and 0.029 kg/(m²·d) for COD, NH₄⁺-N, and TN, the partially saturated CW by tidal operation achieved corresponding removal efficiencies of 85.94%, 61.20%, and 57.41%, respectively, even at 10°C. When the rapid-adsorption of NH₄⁺-N and the bioregeneration of zeolites reached dynamically stable, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in the aerobic zeolite layer was observed and accounted for 58.82% of the total denitrification of CW. The results of Illumina high-throughput sequencing also indicated that nitrifiers (Nitrospira and Rhizomicrobium) and denitrifiers (Rhodanobacter and Thauera) simultaneously existed in the zeolite layer. The dominant existence of versatile organic degraders and nitrifiers/denitrifiers in the zeolite layer was related to the removal of most COD and nitrogen in this zone. The contribution of the possible nitrogen removal pathways in the CW was as follows: nitrification-denitrification (86.55%)>substrate adsorption (11.70%)>plant uptake (1.15%)>microbial assimilation (0.60%).     

基于隐患整改的职业安全管理

1引言 安全的本质是系统存在的正常状态,是系统不发生意外、运行正常、进展顺利的动态过程.在此过程中,系统不对人身构成危害、不对设备造成损坏、不使系统有目的的行动暂时或永久终止.