采动对矿区生态环境的影响及治理对策

根据开采沉陷学的原理,对由于采动而引起的地质灾害及表现形式作了详细阐述,以及由此对矿区生态环境所产生的影响进行了分析评价,并提出了相应的治理措施。     

生活有机垃圾用作沼气发酵原料的参数与特性研究

对分类收集于城市生活的有机垃圾作为沼气发酵原料的相关参数与特性进行了研究。结果显示：来自对固定区域的城市生活有机垃圾，其总体TS（总固体）、VS（近发性固体）、COD含量相对较为稳定，在连续8个月的监测中，其含量的平均值分别为：10．17％、4．64％和8．17％；生活有机垃圾作为整体，在兼氧沤解预处理条件下常温发酵，每公斤TS具有0．389m^3或每公斤COD具有0．499m^3的产气潜力，产气特性表现为，投料2d后进入产气高潮，20d时的产气量达总产气量的90％以上。     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

计算冲裁间隙的实用公式

此文按照冲裁间隙的传统计算公式及经验数据,总结出了冲裁模合理间隙的实用计算公式。     

Evaluation of the validity of the US EPA's cancer risk assessment of arsenic for low-level exposures: a likelihood ratio approach

Skin cancers associated with ingesting of arsenic have been documented since the 19th century. A study in the southwestern coastal area of Taiwan where people drank well water containing arsenic is generally recognised as providing the best data available for quantifying the risk, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used these data to conduct a risk assessment of arsenic ingestion. However, the lowest exposure category in the Taiwan study included arsenic levels up to 290 µg L^–1, which is nearly six times higher than the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL), 50 µg L^–1. Therefore, the EPA risk assessment model extrapolated data on high-level exposures to generate risk estimates for low-level exposures. To evaluate the validity of this model, we conducted a quantitative review of epidemiological studies observing arsenic exposures below 290 µg L^–1. A ratio of the likelihood of the EPA model being inappropriate to that of it being appropriate was calculated for each study population as a measurement of the validity of the EPA model. Although existing human data on low-level exposures are limited, the review suggested that the EPA model is unlikely to be able to predict the risk of skin cancer accurately when the arsenic exposure level is between 170 and 270 µg L^–1.     

土壤水分有效性研究综述

本文对土壤水分有效性的诸多方面，如田间持水量，凋萎湿度，土壤有效水量，土壤水分有效性的经典概念，土壤水分有效性的新概念，以及描述土壤水分有效性的评价标准和方法等，进行了介绍、评述和论述．     

包埋固定化微生物法处理含油废水研究

本研究通过包埋固定化微生物法固定除油菌（Y1’菌），用于处理含油废水，并以水体中乳化油去除率为指标考察了影响乳化油降解的各种因素。选用聚乙烯醇（PVA）-海藻酸钠（SA）复配作为包埋固定化载体材料，制备成固定化微生物小球（IMB），通过实验优化了IMB制备的工艺条件。连续批次除油实验结果表明，在25-40℃，固液比1：10，HRT为6h的条件下，进水油含量在20—50mg／L，乳化油去除率可达85％-90％，出水油含量低于5mg／L。     

Fenton试剂氧化降解聚丙烯酰胺污水及其反应动力学研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化处理聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)污水取得了良好的效果.通过正交试验得到了Fenton试剂各影响因素的影响权重,并通过单因素实验确定了最佳实验条件.研究了Fenton试剂中各影响因素的作用机制,在最佳实验条件下,HPAM的降解率能达到近89%.针对Fenton试剂氧化处理HPAM的反应特性,深入研究了反应动力学模型,确定反应为一级反应.     

我国新经济开发区水环境规划研究

本义分析了我国新经济开发区水环境规划的特点，提出了规划研究的内容、步骤和方法，给出了水环境承载力的概念和定量方法，并且确定规划方案中的水环境承载力，以此作为协调水环境保护与社会经济发展的理论依据。文中以本溪市经济开发区为例，在综合分析的基础上，制定出开发区水环境综合防治规划，并做了供选方案的费用－效益分析和可行性论证，最后，计算分析了各规划方案的水环境承载力的综合值。     

日本治理“温室效应”研究现状

本文介绍了大气“温室效应”的污染现状，世界各国对治理大气“温室效应”的研究计划与进展，着重介绍了治理“温室效应”的最新技术──超高压脉冲电晕放电分解ＣＯ２技术。